ti:

TNH TON THIT K B HM

NC CHO L HI CNG
NGHIP










Nhm 5


TNH TON THIT K B HM NC
I HC BCH KHOA TP.HCM
Cell: 01229159061 NamcaoBk CK05BNH
www.chuyenhochanh.tk
TNH TON THIT K B HM NC
GII THIU
TNH TON - THIT K
KT LUN
TNH TON THIT K B HM NC
KHI NIM
PHNG
PHP NI
CU TO PHN LOI
MC CH
GII
THIU
Khi nim
B hm nc l nhng b mt truyn
nhit t pha sau l tn dng nhit thi
ca khi sau khi ra khi b qu nhit, c tc
dng nng cao hiu sut cho l hi. Chnh v
l do ny m b hm nc cn c tn l b
tit kim nhin liu.
u vo ca b hm nc nhit ca
kim loi c tr s nh nht so vi cc b mt
truyn nhit chu p sut ca l.
TNH TON THIT K B HM NC
TNH TON THIT K B HM NC
MC CH
Tn dng nhit ca khi thi gia nhit
cho nc gn n nhit si, i khi c
th cho bc hi my phn trm, nh vy
gim c tn tht do khi thi co dn t
ngt, to ra ng sut nhit
Ngoi ra cn gim c kim loi qu ch
to b mt sinh hi v b hm nc t
vng nhit thp, khng cn kim loi tt c
khi c th ch to bng gang.
TNH TON THIT K B HM NC
PHN LOI
Kim loi
ch to
Mc
gia nhit
Gang
Thp Si
Khng
Si
Gang
TNH TON THIT K B HM NC
76 120
Chu mn tt
C cnh
So le hoc song song
Thp
28 ;32 ; 38
D mn
Khng cnh
So le hoc song song
TNH TON THIT K B HM NC
CU TO
V mt cu to b hm nc c chia lm
ba loi sau:
ng thp n
ng thp c cnh
Bng gang

loi thp c cnh, cnh nm dc theo bn
ngoi ng bng cch hn hoc ch to lin mt
khi. cnh cng c th c dng hnh a lp kht
vi ng. vic t thm cnh l tng thm b
mt truyn nhit cho ng, hin nay hu nh
khng s dng loi ng thp c cnh do ch to
phc tp
1 B hm nc bng ng thp trn

B hm nc bng ng thp trn c s dng ch yu
cho cc l hi hin i. N gm nhng ng thp co ong knh
ngoi l 28, 32, 38mm. cc ng xon c ch to di dng
nhng on ng un em hn vi nhau trong cng mt mt
phng.
khi y d dng ch to, cc ng xon ca b hm nc
c gi bng cch treo hay . V nguyn tt cu to, c cu
treo hay ng xon b hm nc khng c g khc vi c cu
gi ng xon ca b qu nhit nm ngang
TNH TON THIT K B HM NC
C cu treo hay ng xon c ta ln
hay treo vo cc dm . Dm c dng hnh
ng c gn vi khung l. V dm t
trong vng khi c nhit cao nn bo v
dm , ngi ta thng cch nhit dm v
lm mt bng dng khng kh lu ng t
nhin qua dm hoc lu ng cng bc bng
cch ni dm vi u ht hay u y qut gi.
TNH TON THIT K B HM NC
V mt truyn nhit cng nh v mt cu to,
mt phng ng xon c th t song song hay
vung gc vi ngc l. Vi kch thc ng
khi l bc ng cho, s lng ng xon
song song s ln nht khi b tr mt phng ng
xon vung gc vi ngc l. Ty thuc vo vic
b tr m tc nc i trong ng xon s
ln nht hay nh nht. Song thc ra vic b tr
ng xon khng phi da trn yu cu ca tc
nc i trong ng m ch yu da vo iu
kin cm ng khi b mi mn.
Nu b tr mt phng ng xon vung gc
v tng sau ca l th tuy vic gi ng xon
n gin hn rt nhiu do ng khi hp, ng
xon ngn, nhng khi y tt c cc ng xon u
i qua vng khi st tng sau ca l l vng
khi c nng tro ln nht nn tt c cc ng
xon b mi mn. V vy trong cc l hi hin
nay ngi ta u b tr ng xon nm trong mt
phng song song vi ngc l.
Trong mt s l
b nc ngoi,
m bo tc
nc trong ng
xon, ngi ta c
th b tr ng xon
theo dng khng
gian ch khng phi
trong mt mt
phng. khi y ton
b hm nc c th
ch c mt ng
xon.

TNH TON THIT K B HM NC
Vic b tr ng xon theo dng khng gian
cho php gim bc dc ca ng kh nhiu, v
khi y bc dc ca ng khng ph thuc g vo
bn knh c. Do kch thc khng gian ca
b hm nc gim i nhiu, nhng ch to v
sa cha tng i phc tp. Tc nc i
trong cc ng xon ca b hm nc ch yu
c chn trn c s ngn nga hin tng n
mn. Trong b hm nc khng si hay phn
cha si ca b hm nc si, tc nc phi
khng nh hn 0,3 m/s khi ph ti nh mc.
b hm nc si, ngn nga s chuyn ng
phn lp tc nc phi trn 1 m/s.
ng gp ca b hm nc l cc ng gp
nh nht trong cc ng gp ca l. nhng l
c b hm nc khng chia lm hai phn theo
chiu rng ng khi, ng gp u vo v u
ra co th t mt bn hay hai bn, ty thuc
vo b mt t ca b hm nc. Thng thng
kim tra,lm sch, sa cha ng gp ngi
ta thng c l hai u v y np bng hnh
van. Hin nay mt s l hi ngi ta y l
bng cch hn kn np vi ng gp. Khi cn
lam sch tho np ra v sau hn li.
TNH TON THIT K B HM NC
y l bng np kn hn
TNH TON THIT K B HM NC
B hm nc bng gang
B hm nc bng gang gm nhng ng bng
gang c. ng knh khong t 76 120 mm,
di khong 1,5 3 m.
Nhng ng ny thng ni tip vi nhau bng
nhng mt bch cng bng gang c.
Do gang c h s dn nhit km nn tng
cng h s truyn nhit ngi ta c thm
cnh cho cc ng v gi l ng bng gang c
cnh.

TNH TON THIT K B HM NC
Do cc ng c cnh nn tro bm ln ng rt nhiu,
v vy b hm nc bng gang cn phi t them thit b
thi bi.
B hm nc bng gang c s dng kh rng ri
cho cc l hi cng nghip v l nh khng c nhng
phng php x l nc hon thin
do gang chi n mn tt hn thp.
Mt khc do gang t bn hn thp, gin, khng chu
c tc dng va p nn ngi ta khng dng gang
ch to cho nhng b hm nc bng gang ch ch to
lm vic vi p sut ti 2,75 MN/m2, mt s nc khc
ngi ta ch to ti p sut 6MN/m2.
TNH TON THIT K B HM NC
TNH TON THIT K B HM NC
PHNG PHP
NI B HM
NC VI L
Khng ngt c ra
khi h thng l
Ngt c ra khi h
thng l
Bnh gia nhit B hm nc Bao hi`
Ngt c ra khi h
thng l
TNH TON THIT K B HM NC
TNH TON THIT K B HM NC
Khng ngt c ra
khi h thng l
Ti nhng ch ni gia ng nc cp vi bao hi
rt d gy ra hin tng ng sut nhit cc b
lm cho kim loi bao hi v ng dn nc d
sinh ra hin tng nt n lm r r nc v hi.
khc phc hin tng h hng trn, ngi ta
thng lp cc ng bo v, cc ng ny c th
gin n t do khi nhit thay i ng thi vn
m bo kn cc ng ni.
TNH TON THIT K B HM NC
TNH TON THIT K B HM NC
NG DNG B HM NC
Cng ty Vit Tr Ph Th


TNH TON THIT K
Thng s :Sn lng hi D=10 tan/h
Nhit khi thi:
H s khng kh tha:
lt khng kh trong b hm nc :0,05
Hm lng kh CO :
Cu a:Tnh ton cc thng s c bn cho b hm
nc.
Cu b:Tnh ton tr lc khi i qua thit b

200
o
th
t C =
1, 25 o =
0 0
0 0
1, 5 CO =
TNH TON THIT K B HM NC
TNH TON THIT K B HM NC
Chn than Abtraxit c W
lv
= 1,5 , A
lv
=30,1 , C
lv
=63,5
, N
lv
=1 , S
c
lv
= 0,3 , O
lv
=1,8
Tt c cc tnh ton cho 1 kg
Q
t
lv
= 339C
lv
+ 1030H
lv
109(O
lv
- S
c
lv
) 25 W
lv

=339.63,5+1030.1,8-109(1,8-0,3)-25.1,5
=22842 kJ/kg
Th tch khng kh l thuyt ( =1)
V
kk
0
= 0,089( C
lv
+0,375S
c
lv
) +0,265H
lv
- 0,033O
lv

=0,089(63,5+0,375.0,3) + 0,265.1,8- 0,033.1,8
=6,08

o
Th tch khng kh thc t ( >1 )
V
kk
= .V
kk
0
= 1,25.6,08=7,60 m
3
/kg
Th tch l thuyt ca sn phm chy ( =1)

=0,0187(63,5+0,375.0,3)
=1,19 m
3
/kg

= 0,79.6,08+0,008.1 = 4,81 m
3
/kg

= 0,112.1,8 + 0,0124.1,5 + 0,0161.6,08 =0,318 m
3
/kg


TNH TON THIT K B HM NC
o
o
2
0
( )
0, 0187( )
lv lv
RO CO c
V C S
+
= +
2
0 0
0, 79 0, 008
lv
N KK
V V N = +
2
0 0
0,112 0, 0124 0, 0161
lv lv
H O KK
V H W V = + +
Th tch thc t ca sn phm chy ( >1 )



=0,318 + 0,0161(1,25-1).6,08
=0,342
Th tch khi kh thc t
V
kkho
=
=1,19 + 4,81+(1,25-1).6,08
= 7,52 m
3
/kg
`
TNH TON THIT K B HM NC
o
2 2
2 2
0
( )
0 0
1,19
0, 0161( 1)
RO RO CO
H O H O KK
V V
V V V o
+
= =
= +
2 2
0 0
( 1)
RO NO kk
V V V o + +
Th tch khi thc t
V
k
= V
kkho
+
= 7,52 + 0,342 = 7,862 m
3
/kg
Thnh phn trong khi l:

2
H O
V
2
0
0
1, 074
13, 66
7.862
CO
K
V
V
= =
2
CO
2
H O Thnh phn trong khi l:

2
0
0
0, 342
4, 35
7,864
H O
K
V
V
= =
TNH TON THIT K B HM NC
Ta chn tnh ton cho b hm nc kiu khng si
dng ng xon bng thp trn c ng knh chn
s b:
Kt cu:
TNH TON THIT K B HM NC
1
2
32
, 22
26
d
w
mk
d
= =
Chn t vo b hm nc l
Tra bng nc bo ha ta c (p=5bar)

V thit k b hm nc khng si nn ta chn t ra
ca nc nh hn so vi t si ca nc trong b
hm => chn
Tnh lng tiu hao nhin liu
Tra bng nc cha si vi
TNH TON THIT K B HM NC
0
2
" 30 t C =
0
151, 84 , ' 640,1 , " 2749
s
kJ kJ
t C i i
kg kg
= = =
0
40 C
0
" 110 t C =
0
" 100 , 5 461, 4
nc
kJ
t C p bar i
kg
= = => =
Tra bng nc cha si vi:

Nhit lng gia nhit nc thnh hi bo ha
p sut 5 bar l:
D:sn lng hi
:entanpy ca hi nc bo ha
:entanpy ca nc cp 5bar
Khng hm nc:
TNH TON THIT K B HM NC
0
' 30 , 5 126, 5
nc
kJ
t C p bar i
kg
= = => =
( )
bh nc
Q D i i =
bh
nc
i
i
10000
(2749 126,1) 7285,83
3600
Q kN = =
C hm nc:


Lng tiu hao nhin liu:
Khng hm nc:


C hm nc:


TNH TON THIT K B HM NC
10000
(2749 461, 4) 6354, 44
3600
Q kN = =
t
Q
B
Q
=
7285,83
0, 319
22842
kJ
B
s
= =
6354, 44
0, 278
22842
kJ
B
s
= =
Ta s tit kim c lng nhin liu l:


Tnh hiu sut ca l:
Khng tn dng khi thi =>Tn tht nhit do khi
thi:

:Entanpy ca khi thi
:Entanpy khng kh lnh




TNH TON THIT K B HM NC
0, 319 0, 278
12,85%
0, 319

=
4
2 1
1
( )
100
kkl
q
Q I I

| |
=
|
\ .
0
350
k
t C =
qn
kkl
I
I
Vi :





V t than trn l ghi nn ta chn khi thi






TNH TON THIT K B HM NC
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) . ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
(1 )
.( ) .( ) ( ) (1 ) .( )
5280, 33
. .( ) . 370, 5
RO CO H O N kk
RO CO RO CO N N H O H O kk kk
kkl kk kkl kkl
I I I I I
V Ct V Ct V Ct V Ct
kJ
kg
kJ
I V Ct t
kg
o
o
o
+
+ +
= + + +
= + + +
=
= =
0 0 0
0 0 0
4 3 6
2
10 , 0 , 1
100 10
(5280, 33 370, 5) 4418,85
100
q q q
kJ
Q
kg
= = =

| |
=> = =
|
\ .
% tn tht do khi thi :


Hiu sut ca l hi:

C s dng b hm nc:
Tn tht do khi thi mang ra ngoi
TNH TON THIT K B HM NC
2
2
.100% 19, 35%
dv
Q
q
Q
= =
1 2 3 4 5 6
100% ( ) 68, 65% q q q q q q q = = + + + + =


Phng trnh cn bng nhit




4
2 2
( )( )
100
kkl
q
Q I I =
knr knv
Q Q =
1 2
2 1
2
( ) ( )
( )
10000
52.80, 33 (461, 4 126,1)
3600.0, 99.0, 278
1896,17 /
10 95
100
100 10
(1896,17 370, 5).( ) 1373,1 /
100
nc
nc
B I I D i i
D
I I i i
B
Kj kg
Q Kj kg

=
=
=
=

= =
TNH TON THIT K B HM NC
Phn trm tn tht do khi thi:


Hiu sut ca l:
2
2
.100% 6, 01%
dv
Q
q
Q
= =
2 1 2 3 4 5 2
100 ( )
100 (6, 01 1 10 1) 81, 99%
q q q q q q q = = + + + +
= + + + =
TNH TON THIT K B HM NC
Phn trm tn tht do khi thi:


Hiu sut ca l:
2
2
.100% 6, 01%
dv
Q
q
Q
= =
2 1 2 3 4 5 2
100 ( )
100 (6, 01 1 10 1) 81, 99%
q q q q q q q = = + + + +
= + + + =
TNH TON THIT K B HM NC
Tnh ton truyn nhit
v pha nc
Nhit trung bnh ca nc

Tra bng thng s vt l ca nc:



0
2 2
2
' '' 30 110
70
2 2
t t
t
+ +
= = =
2
2
2
3
2
2
6 2
2
997, 8 /
66, 8.10 w /
4,187
0, 415.10 /
2, 55
f
p
f
Kg m
mK
c
v m s
Pr

=
=
=
=
=
TNH TON THIT K B HM NC
Nhit lng truyn cho nc:



Tr s ca nc
Chn tc ca nc


2
2 2 2
. .( '' ' )
10000
.4,187.(110 30) 930, 44 w
3600
p
Q G c t t
K
=
= =
2
Re
f
2
2
4 4
2 2
6
. 0, 6.0, 026
Re 3, 76.10 10
0, 415.10
f
f
w d
v

= = = >
2
0, 6 / w m s =
TNH TON THIT K B HM NC
V do coi

2 1
o o >>
0,25
Pr
( ) 1
Pr
f
w
=
2 2
0,8 0,43
2
4 0,43
0, 021. Re . Pr
0, 021.(3, 76.10 ).2, 55
143, 61
f f
Nu =
=
=
2
2
2 2
2
. 143, 61.66,8.10
3690w/
0, 026
Nu
m k
d

o

= = =
TNH TON THIT K B HM NC
V pha khi
Ta c
Chn s b


Ta c
3
7, 862 /
k
v m kg =
2
3
0, 617 /
1,128 /
k
p
kg m
c kj kgk
=
=
7,862
7 /
1,122
930, 44 w
k
k
k
p
k n
V
G kj s
c
Q Q k
= = =
= =
TNH TON THIT K B HM NC



Nhit trung bnh ca khi

1 1 1 1
0
1 1
. ( ' ) ( ' '' )
930, 44
'' ' 350 118
7,862
k
k k p k
k
k
Q G c t t V t t
Q
t t C
V
= =
= = =
0
1 1
1
' '' 350 118
234
2 2
t t
t C
+ +
= =
TNH TON THIT K B HM NC
Tra bng thng s vt l ca khi

1
1
1
2
3
1
2
6 2
0, 914 /
3, 29.10 w /
1, 073
23, 57.10 /
0, 69
f
p
f
f
Kg m
mK
c
v m s
Pr

=
=
=
=
=
TNH TON THIT K B HM NC
Tr s ca khi


Chm ng b tr so le nn

Re
f
1
1
4 4
1 1
6
. 10.0, 032
Re 1, 36.10 10
23, 57.10
f
f
w d
v

= = = >
1 1
0,6 0,36
2
4 0,36
0, 4. Re . Pr
0, 4.(1, 36.10 ).0, 69
105, 32
f f
Nu =
=
=
TNH TON THIT K B HM NC
Do b bm bn trn b mt v pha khi v mt
s nh hng khc, trong k thut ngi ta
thng chn:

2
1 1
2
1 2
0,8 ' 0,8.109 87 /
1 1
84 /
1/ / 1/ 1/ 87 0, 003/ 22 1/ 3690
w m k
k w m k
o o
o o o
= = =
= = =
+ + + +
TNH TON THIT K B HM NC
chnh nhit trung bnh
0
1
' 350 t C =
0
2
' 30 t C =
0
2
'' 350 t C =
0
1
'' 118 t C =
TNH TON THIT K B HM NC
Din tch truyn nhit ca thit b


S ng ca b hm


ng





0
ax min
1 1
( ) (320 8) 164
2 2
m
t t t C A = A + A = + =
3
2
930, 44.10
67, 54
. 84.164
Q
F m
k t
= = =
A
2
2 2
1 2
4. 4.10000
. . .w .3600 977, 8. .0, 026 .0, 6.3600
G
n
d t t
= =
9 ~
TNH TON THIT K B HM NC
Chiu di mi phn t c tnh:

67, 54
82, 37
. 0, 029.9
tb
F
L m
d n t t
= = =
TNH TON THIT K B HM NC
KET LUAN
Viec tan dung nhiet khoi thai cua lo hi cong nghiep e nang cao hieu
suat s dung nang lng la van e ang c quan tam nham giai quyet
hai van e c ban o la nhu cau s dung nang lng ngay cang tang
trong tnh hnh cac nguon nang lng trong thien nhien ngay cang can kiet
nhanh chong .
T nhng vn a trnh bay va phan tch nhng phng an tan dung
nhiet khoi thai va khang nh phng an tan dung nhiet khoi thai e
nang cao nhiet o ham nc cap mang lai hieu qua kinh te cao hn
TNH TON THIT K B HM NC