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Since ancient times the greatest thinkers have tried to understand and group the world around them.
The ancient Chinese had a slightly different view. They believed the universe was made up of 5 components:
The following stages Answerare in the wrong order. Put them in the right order and explain your answer. prediction evidence observations theory data observations evidence conclusion conclusion data theory prediction
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You can investigate solids, liquids and gases to understand how they behave. A useful starting point is to think about their shape and volume.
Fill in the table with the answers to these testing questions: Does it have a fixed shape? Does it have a fixed volume?
solid
fixed shape fixed volume
liquid
gas
Now answer some more testing questions about a solid, a liquid and a gas. solid Is it easy to squash? Does it conduct heat well? Can it spread out? liquid gas
Can it stretch?
Is it heavy for its size?
You can do the same splitting experiment if you think about a liquid or a gas.
Solids, liquids and gases are all made of tiny particles. This is called the particle theory.
Democritus, an ancient Greek thinker, was one of the first to suggest the idea of particles. He also thought about the size of these particles.
Imagine How Would long you it be would could long take the enough row apart of to all Next you arrange all the the particles make particle a in necklace? this particles inbe? agrain row. of salt.
Democritus never found out the answer to his salty puzzle. Thousands of years later, we know just how long the row of salt particles would be
All that from just one grain of salt! What does tell us about the number and size of the particles?
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The number of particles is very, very, very, very, very, very, very, very, very, very ,very, very big!
The size of the particles must be very, very, very, very, very, very, very, very, very, very, very small!
So next time you pour salt on your chips spare a thought for all those tiny salt particles!
Solids, liquids and gases behave in different ways. What does this tell us about their particles? A theory is an idea that explains observations.
Scientists use a model to give a mental picture of what is happening in their investigation.
Any theory about particles must be able to explain the differences between a solid, a liquid and a gas.
Use the particle model to decide if the forces of attraction are strong, weak or do not exist.
solid particles - are very close together in a fixed arrangement - have a small amount of energy - vibrate but do not move liquid particles - are close together but have no fixed arrangement - more energy than solid particles - vibrate and can move about gas particles - are far apart and have no fixed arrangement - have a large amount of energy - move rapidly in all directions
Water can be a solid, liquid or a gas. Its state depends on how much energy the water particles have.
ice
water
steam
If enough energy is added to or removed from the particles a change of state can occur.
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ice
water
steam
What happens to the particles during each change of state? CLUE: Think about their energy, their movement and the distance between them.
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True or False?
1. The particles in gas have a large amount of energy. TRUE
2. The particles in a solid have no forces of attraction between them. FALSE 3. The particles in a liquid are close together and have a fixed arrangement. 4. When a liquid freezes it becomes a gas. FALSE FALSE
5. Evaporation describes the change from a liquid to a gas. TRUE 6. When a liquid loses energy it becomes a gas. FALSE
TRUE
8. When the particles in a solid gain energy the solid melts. TRUE
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