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7G Particle model of solids, liquids and gases

7G Particle model of solids, liquids and gases


What is the world made of? Solids, liquids and gases The particle model
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7G Particle model of solids, liquids and gases

What is the world made of?

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7G What is the world made of? - Big questions

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7G What is the world made of? - Ancient thinkers

Since ancient times the greatest thinkers have tried to understand and group the world around them.

Greek thinkers thought everything was made up of 4 things:

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7G What is the world made of? - Ancient thinkers

In India they added a fifth group:

The ancient Chinese had a slightly different view. They believed the universe was made up of 5 components:

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7G What is the world made of? - Creating a theory

A theory is an idea that explains observations.


Scientists, like ancient thinkers, are curious about the world. They carry out investigations and produce theories about what they see. But a theory doesnt just appear by itself! Creating a good theory involves several stages.

The following stages Answerare in the wrong order. Put them in the right order and explain your answer. prediction evidence observations theory data observations evidence conclusion conclusion data theory prediction
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7G Particle model of solids, liquids and gases

Solids, liquids and gases

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7G Solids, liquids and gases - Its a matter of fact!

Everything in the Universe is made of matter.


Matter is all the stuff around you everything you can touch, see or smell. There are 3 states of matter

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7G Solids, liquids and gases - Its a matter of fact!

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7G Solids, liquids and gases - In a state!

You can investigate solids, liquids and gases to understand how they behave. A useful starting point is to think about their shape and volume.

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7G Solids, liquids and gases - In a state!

Fill in the table with the answers to these testing questions: Does it have a fixed shape? Does it have a fixed volume?

solid
fixed shape fixed volume

liquid

gas

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7G Solids, liquids and gases - In a state!

Now answer some more testing questions about a solid, a liquid and a gas. solid Is it easy to squash? Does it conduct heat well? Can it spread out? liquid gas

Can it stretch?
Is it heavy for its size?

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7G Solids, liquids and gases What are they made of?

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7G Solids, liquids and gases What are they made of?

You can do the same splitting experiment if you think about a liquid or a gas.

Solids, liquids and gases are all made of tiny particles. This is called the particle theory.

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7G Particle model of solids, liquids and gases

The particle model

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7G The particle model - The necklace of Democritus

Democritus, an ancient Greek thinker, was one of the first to suggest the idea of particles. He also thought about the size of these particles.

Democritus considered the particles in a grain of salt (one millimetre cubed).

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7G The particle model - The necklace of Democritus

Imagine How Would long you it be would could long take the enough row apart of to all Next you arrange all the the particles make particle a in necklace? this particles inbe? agrain row. of salt.

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7G The particle model - The necklace of Democritus

Democritus never found out the answer to his salty puzzle. Thousands of years later, we know just how long the row of salt particles would be

12 900 000 000 metres


Thats more than 33 times the distance from the Earth to the Moon!

All that from just one grain of salt! What does tell us about the number and size of the particles?
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7G The particle model - The necklace of Democritus

The number of particles is very, very, very, very, very, very, very, very, very, very ,very, very big!

The size of the particles must be very, very, very, very, very, very, very, very, very, very, very small!
So next time you pour salt on your chips spare a thought for all those tiny salt particles!

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7G The particle model - From theory to model

Solids, liquids and gases behave in different ways. What does this tell us about their particles? A theory is an idea that explains observations.

Scientists use a model to give a mental picture of what is happening in their investigation.

Any theory about particles must be able to explain the differences between a solid, a liquid and a gas.

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7G The particle model Solids, liquids and gases

The particle model of matter describes:


how particles are arranged

how much energy particles have and how they move

In some matter the particles are held together by forces of attraction.

Use the particle model to decide if the forces of attraction are strong, weak or do not exist.

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7G The particle model Solids, liquids and gases

The particle model of a solid

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7G The particle model Solids, liquids and gases

The particle model of a liquid

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7G The particle model Solids, liquids and gases

The particle model of a gas

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7G The particle model Solids, liquids and gases

solid particles - are very close together in a fixed arrangement - have a small amount of energy - vibrate but do not move liquid particles - are close together but have no fixed arrangement - more energy than solid particles - vibrate and can move about gas particles - are far apart and have no fixed arrangement - have a large amount of energy - move rapidly in all directions

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7G The particle model Changing state

Water can be a solid, liquid or a gas. Its state depends on how much energy the water particles have.

ice

water

steam

If enough energy is added to or removed from the particles a change of state can occur.
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7G The particle model Changing state

Match the change of state to the correct arrow on the diagram.


freezing condensing melting evaporating

ice

water

steam

What happens to the particles during each change of state? CLUE: Think about their energy, their movement and the distance between them.
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7G The particle model True or false?

True or False?
1. The particles in gas have a large amount of energy. TRUE

2. The particles in a solid have no forces of attraction between them. FALSE 3. The particles in a liquid are close together and have a fixed arrangement. 4. When a liquid freezes it becomes a gas. FALSE FALSE

5. Evaporation describes the change from a liquid to a gas. TRUE 6. When a liquid loses energy it becomes a gas. FALSE

7. A gas condenses to a liquid when its particles lose energy.

TRUE

8. When the particles in a solid gain energy the solid melts. TRUE
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