Magnetic field is established by

Permanent magnet Electric current in a magnet Moving charge

There is NO MAGNETIC MONOPOLE A moving charge (current) creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge /current that is present in the field

 MAGNETIC

FORCE= proportional to the charge, velocity and magnetic field.

SOME NOTES ON MAGNETIC FIELD LINES

MAGNETIC FORCE ON A MOVING CHARGED PARTICLE

FB

= q(v x B)
When the particle is at rest, the magnetic force is equal to ZERO

When the velocity and the magnetic field are parallel /antiparallel to each other (perpendicular component is zero), FB is zero.

MAGNETIC FLUX

Magnetic Flux, B =surfaceBcosdA = surfaceBdA = surfaceBdA = B A = [Tesla meter2 , Tm2] = [ Weber, Wb]
Unit flux=1Wb=1T(m2)= 1Nm/A

Magnetic Field/Magnetic Flux density= flux per unit area across an area at right angles to the magnetic field

MUTUAL INDUCTANCE

These say that a change in current in coil 1 causes a change in flux in coil 2, inducing an emf in the coil 2 that opposes the flux change.

EQUAL M, different changes in current

di2 1 M 12 dt

di1 2 M 21 dt 0 N1 N 2 A M M 12 M 21 l 2 1 M N2 N1 i1 i2

Negative signs are a reflection of lenzs law.

SI unit of inductance is called the Henry=1 weber per ampere =one volt second per ampere =one ohm-second =1 joule per ampere squared

Examples:
A. If a tesla coil has a long solenoid with length l and cross sectional area A is closely wound with N1 turns of wire, and another coil with N2 turns surrounds it at its center, find the mutual inductance. =N1N2A

l
B.

SELF INDUCTANCE

-in a circuit, when there is current, there is a magnetic field, that causes a magnetic flux, that changes when current changes :D THEREFORE any circuit that carries a varying current will have an emf induced by the variation in its own magnetic field.

Notice that when we transpose di/dt, the self inductance is just equal to the emf per unit rate of change of current.

Depends on geometry: size, shape and N Proportional to N squared

di1 L dt N L i 2 0 N A LSOLENOID l

Inductors=purpose is to oppose any variations in the current through the circuit

Between the terminals of an inductor, the potential difference is equal to : Vab = Va Vb = L (di/dt)

MAGNETIC FIELD ENERGY

LI UM 2

Stored energy in an inductor