First-Year Engineering Program

Engineering H191 Engineering Fundamentals and Laboratory I

Lecture 02 Graphics: The Language of Design

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Objectives
Understanding graphics as a communication tool Technical sketching Projections Orthographic Pictorial Sketching hints Lettering

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How Would You Describe This?

In teams of two, describe using only words How effective is this approach?

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Three Basic Types of Technical Drawings

Freehand sketches

Instrument drawings

Computer drawings and models

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Introduction to Projections
Present 3-D objects with 2-D media Two Basic Categories

Orthographic

Pictorial

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Projections: Four Basic Types

Orthographic Projections Axonometric Pictorials

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Oblique

Perspective

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Orthographic Projections
Collection of 2D drawings Accurately represent object
Technical Graphics - Chapter 3

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Orthographic Projection

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Defining the Six Principal Views or Orthographic Views

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Which Views to Present?

General Guidelines Pick a Front View that is most descriptive of object Normally the longest dimension is chosen as the width (or depth) Most common combination of views is to use: Front, Top, and Side View Views other than the Principal Views are called Auxiliary Views (see section 3.15 in the Technical Graphics text)
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Conventional Orthographic Views

Width

Top View

Depth

Front View

Right Side View

Height

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Hidden and Center Lines in Orthographic Projections

Object Lines represent visible features for an object

Hidden Lines represent features that cannot be seen in the current view

Centerlines represent symmetry and mark the center of circles, the axes of cylinders, and the axes of symmetrical parts, such as bolts
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For Example:

1. Visible 2. Hidden 3. Center

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Creating the Orthographic Projection Sketch

Front View Right Side View Top View

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Step 1 Lightly Block Three Views

Use very light lines for drawing in the construction lines

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Step 2 Lightly Block Major Features

Holes Arcs Cutouts Use very light lines for drawing in the construction lines
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Step 3 Refine and Locate Features in All Views

Use very light lines for drawing in the construction lines

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Step 4 Add Final Lines

Use very light lines for drawing in the construction lines

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Completed Sketch

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Add Another View

Sketch the left side view of the object Compare your view with the others at your table

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Add Another View

Does yours look something like this?

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Lettering Notes
Lettering Guidelines See Technical Graphics: Chapter 1
Lettering Styles Shape of characters Order of drawing strokes of character Character Uniformity Spacing

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Lettering Vertical Gothic Font

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Sketching Tips: General

Relax and draw in a direction comfortable to you Mark end points of the lines to be sketched and draw between them Draw long lines as a series of short ones Use grid paper when available Follow sketching and text conventions Do NOT use a straight edge to draw lines!

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Sketching Tips: Construction Lines

Use construction lines Begin by drawing bounding boxes with construction lines Make construction lines much lighter and thinner than finished lines Identify the major features and overall dimensions Leave construction lines on the sketch

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Sketching Tips: Miscellaneous

Do not shade the drawing this is not pencil sketching Title information is required Keep views aligned (very important) Include centerlines on isometrics Avoid labels on the sketch Construct neat circles change page orientation if needed

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Today's Assignment
Drawing 1:
Blocks of each kind of which you will sketch will be handed out at each table. Drawing 2:

Lettering assignment handed out in class.

An additional copy will be in your course packet from Uniprint

Cut out patterns and glue or tape together to make three dimensional solids for visualization practice
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