Keselamatan Kerja & Behavior-Based Safety

Pengantar
Ruang lingkup permasalahan
Statistik kecelakaan kerja (AS)
Dampak finansial: 114 milyar dolar 3,2 juta karyawan celaka (1993) Lebih dari 9000 pekerja meninggal dunia (1993) Prediksi
3,5 orang/1000 orang akan meninggal dunia karena kecelakaan terkait kerja Dampak finansial 780.000 USD/kematian.

Statistik di Indonesia?

Penyebab Kecelakaan
Dua kategori utama
Unsafe conditions Unsafe acts

Faktor teknologi
Rancangan, pengoperasian, perawatan, dll

Human factors
Isu: Kenapa kecelakaan terjadi? Faktor manusia dapat diperbaiki (untuk mencegah kecelakaan) Faktor ini dapat berkontribusi secara tidak langsung atas unsafe conditions

Faktor Manusia
Kecerdasan Penglihatan Koordinasi Kepribadian (personality) Kelelahan Pengalaman Risk acceptance

Psikologi Kecelakaan
Konsep accident proneness
Berdasarkan sejumlah studi Kesimpulan - masih kontroversial

Teori Goals-Freedom-Alertness Teori Adjustment-Stress Behavior-Based Safety

Behavior Based Safety

BBS
Claimed to be an effective approach to preventing occupational injuries Issues
Responsibility on workers Potentially abused by managers Need for a more systematic approach A potential alternative, though warrants further studies

Behavior Based Safety

Key concepts
Employee participations Understanding why certain (safety) behavior is (or is not) practiced Can be used as a practical strategies for
Obtaining objective evidence of at-risk behaviors Defining barriers to safe behaviors Teaching ways to substitute safe for at-risk behaviors Holding people accountable to improve safe behaviors Demonstrate utility of BBS procedures

Behavior Based Safety

Basic BBS strategy
Watch language Take advantage of the competence motive Make feedback a positive experience SMART goals Elevate self- and response-efficacy Sell outcome-expectancy with personal testimony Theory and principles before procedures

Behavior Based Safety

BBS strategy
Use process measures of safety performance Look beyond numbers Build and maintain momentum

Conclusion
Importance of understanding safety at workplaces Different potential approaches Need to take into account
Engineering factors Human factors

Behavior as a more recent approach to the personal aspects in improving safe acts