ENGINEERING DRAWING

Lecture 5

11/26/2013

Engineering Drawing & Graphics

Dimensioning :
A dimension is a numerical value expressed by appropriate units of measurement and indicated on the drawing by lines, symbols, and notes to define the objects geometrical characteristics. All dimensions are placed in alignment with the bottom and right/left edge of the drawing and are referred to as the unidirectional method or datum-line method of dimensioining. Since nothing can be made to perfection; therefore some dimensions have a tolerance. Hence if the manufactured object is within this range ( tolerance range ), we will say that the produced part is acceptable.
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Unidirectional or datum-line method of dimensioning :

Fundamental Rules :
1. Show enough dimensions so that the intended sizes and shapes can be determined without calculating or assuming distances. 2. State each dimension clearly, so it can be interpreted in only one way. 3. Show the dimensions between points, lines, or surfaces that have a necessary and specific relation to each other or that control the location of other components or mating parts.

4. Dimension, extension, and leader lines shall not cross each other unless absolutely necessary.
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Fundamental Rules :
5. Select and arrange dimensions to avoid the accumulation of tolerances.

6. Center lines, object lines, or extension lines should not be used as dimension lines.
7. Show each dimension only once.

8. Whenever possible, dimension each feature in the view where it appears. Dimensioning to hidden lines should be avoided.
9. Unless clarity is improved, dimensions are shown outside the outline of the part.

Application of Dimensions :
To apply dimensions, one must first determine which view is the principal view of the object. The principal view is the one that most completely shows the objects characteristics shape. Show as many dimensions as practical in the principal view, but avoid over-crowding. All dimensions for surfaces that show in this profile should be given in this view.

Application of Dimensions :
This figure illustrates a three-view drawing with the principal view showing the most dimensions.

Crossing Lines :
Avoid crossing lines on a drawing wherever possible. To avoid crossing, the dimension for the shortest length of the object should normally be placed nearest the outline of the object and adjacent parallel dimension lines should be added in order of their size, with the longest dimension line the outmost one. Dimension lines should not be broken when they cross extension lines or leader lines. If extension lines cross dimension lines close to arrowheads, then a break in the extension line is recommended.

Acceptable and unacceptable :

This unnecessary crossing can be avoided by using more extension lines. Dimensions for shortest lengths are placed nearest to outline.

Unnecessary crossing

Grouping Dimensions :
In grouping dimensions, clarity is improved by placing dimension lines, extension lines, and numerals in line where space permits.

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Staggering Dimensions :
When space becomes restricted on a drawing, it is better to stagger columns of dimensions to eliminate the possible interference or numerals.

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Placement of Dimensions :
Wherever practical, dimensions should be placed outside the view being dimensioned. Generally, the overall dimensions of a part are place above and on the right of the principal view. Overall dimensions of surfaces that shown in profile in two views are placed between these views.
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Placement of Dimensions :
Dimensions are placed between extension lines wherever possible.

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Dimensions for Holes :

Dimensioning for round holes shows the size and diameter tolerance of the hole.

A leader is drawn to the outside point of the hole but in line with the centerline of the hole.

When a general tolerance note is not shown on a drawing, the hole must be provided with tolerance .

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Dimensions for Holes :

When hole diameters are indicated by dimension lines, the abbreviation for diameter (DIA) does not follow the hole size.

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Dimensions for Holes :

On the drawing, holes are normally located by dimensions to extensions of center lines.

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Dimensioning Radii :
Curved surfaces shown on arcs of circles are dimensioned by drawing a radial dimension through the origin of the radius to the surface in question. The radial dimension line on small radii may be drawn on the side opposite the center instead of through it. The letter R follows the dimension of the radius.

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Preferred Radii Dimensioning :

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Preferred Radii Dimensioning :

For a long radius, when the center falls outside the available space, the dimension line is drawn toward the actual center; but a false center may be indicated and dimension line jogged to it, as shown above.

False Center

Actual Center

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Exercise # :

Scale the two-view drawing. Add all dimensions and arrow heads, including hole sizes. Use unidirectional dimensioning method.

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