WCDMA BASIC CONCEPT_1

Prepared By: A.K.M.Asaduzzaman RF Optimization Engineer(RNO) Radio Network Planning & Optimization Department STAR LINK.

Access Technologies
FDMA TDMA

Power
Power
W-CDMA

Power

Code Multiplex Power Time W-CDMA: FDD or TDD UMTS USER 2 FDD

UMTS USER 1
UL

DL
Frequency

5 MHz

Duplex Spacing: 190 MHz DL

5 MHz

Power

Time DL DL

UL UMTS USER 2 UMTS USER 1 666.67 ms

Code Multiplex & Time Division

TDD

UL

5 MHz

Frequency

 WCDMA

WCDMA (Wide-Code Division Multiple Access)

Traffic channels are assigned to users at same time, same frequency band, but with different code. Users are using different Time orthogonal code sequence
WCDMA Code

Frequency

WCDMA Application
Users are distinguished by scrambling codes and OVSF codes Self-interference system WCDMA system is restricted to interference (GSM system is restricted to frequency resources)
NODE B 2 NODE B1 Freq. 1
Code D

Freq. 1

Single Frequency Network

GSM900/1800: 3G (WCDMA):

3G Spectrum Allocation
1755 1785 1850 1880 1920 1980 2010 2025 Satellite Empty 2110 2170 2200 2300 2400

Satellite

30 MHz

60 MHz

40 MHz

15 MHz

100 MHz

FDD

TDD

155MHz

3G Spectrum Planning in China

Main Operating Frequency Band FDD mode1920-1980 MHz / 2110-2170 MHz TDD mode1880-1920MHz2010-2025 MHz Supplementary Operating Frequency Band FDD mode1755-1785 MHz / 1850-1880 MHz TDD mode2300-2400MHz Frequency Band for Satellite Mobile Communication System 1980-2010 MHz / 2170-2200 MHz The frequency bands, 825 - 835 MHz / 870 - 880 MHz, 885 - 915 MHz / 930 - 960 MHz and 1710 - 1755 MHz / 1805 - 1850 MHz, which are currently allocated to public mobile communication system are also allocated to expanded frequency bands of 3G public communication system, but frequency using mode remains the same for both uplink and downlink.

UMTS System Structure

CN

UTRAN

UE
UTRANUMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network CNCore Network UEUser Equipment

UMTS System Architecture

UMTS Network Architecture

Terminology of UMTS RNS Network

UTRAN: UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network RNS: Radio Network Subsystem RNC: Radio Network Controller UE: User Equipment Uu: Radio Interface Iub: The interface between NodeB and RNC Iur: The interface between RNCs Iu_CS: between RNC and CS domain Iu_PS:between RNC and PS domain Iu_BC:for BroadCast domain

WCDMA vs. GSM

WCDMA
Carrier spacing Frequency re-use factor Power control frequency Quality control Frequency diversity 5 MHz 1 1500 Hz Radio resource management software 5 MHz bandwidth gives multipath diversity with RAKE receiver Load-based packet scheduling Supported for improving downlink capacity

GSM
200 kHz 1-18 2 Hz or lower Network planning Frequency hopping

Packet data Downlink transmit diversity

Time slot based scheduling with GPRS Not supported

Spreading Process of UMTS

Symbol

Chip

Data
3.84Mcps 3.84Mcps

Spread Data

OVSF Code

Scrambling Code

Symbol rate SF = Chip rate=3.84Mcps

For UMTSSF of uplink channelization code4~256 SF of downlink channelization code: 4~512 OVSF: Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor

Scrambling Code
UMTS Scrambling code is pseudo random binary sequence It has similar noise array character, seemingly random but with regularity. Can make the user data further random , strengthened by scrambling a code to keep secret the user data, at the same time easy to carry out multiple access communication. UMTS scrambling code is generated from Gold sequence Gold sequence has excellent self-correlation. Cross-correlation is very week between two codes. It is used to identify cell and user for multiple access.

Characteristic of Scrambling code

There are 224 Uplink Scrambling Codes, they are used to distinguish different users in one cell. There are 218-1 Downlink Scrambling Codes, used to distinguish different cells
Scrambling codes usually used are the first 8192 codes, which are code 018191. They are divided into 512 aggregationseach aggregation has 1 primary scrambling code (PSC) and 15 secondary scrambling codes (SSC). The 512 primary scrambling codes are divided further into 64 primary scrambling code groups , with 8 primary scrambling codes in each group.

Code Functions
Channelization code ---- for separation of physical channels in the uplink and separation of users in the downlink Scrambling code ---- for separation of users/terminals in the uplink and cells/sectors in the downlink.

Modulation Methods in UMTS

BPSK (Binary Phase Shift Keying) in Uplink channles QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) in Downlink channels 16QAM (16-state Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) in HSDPA

UMTS Channel Concept and Frame Structure

WCDMA Protocol stack OR WCDMA OSI model Radio Resource Control (RRC) RLC RLC RLC

Logical channels (What is transmitted)

Medium Access Control (MAC)

Transport channels

Physical Layer

(How it is transmitted)

Physical channels (Code,frequency,etc)

According to protocol structure, WCDMA channels can be classified as: Logical channel: directly bear user data Control channel Traffic channel Transport channel: services Physical layer provides for MAC layer Dedicated channel Common channel Physical channel: the final embodiment of all kinds of information transferred in air interface

LOGICAL CHANNELS
1. Logical channels : Used for communication between Layer 3 (RRC) & Layer 2 (RLC/MAC). Depending on the information content ,logical channels are characterized into traffic & Control channels.

Control Channel (Signaling)

Traffic Channel (User Data)

Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH) Paging Control Channel (PCCH) Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH) Common Control Channel (CCCH)

Dedicated Traffic (DTCH) Common Traffic Channel (CTCH)

Control channels:
Broadcast control channel ( BCCH) : Point to multipoint ,DL It is a broadcasting channel that supplies all the UEs with basic cell and network parameters(eg. Frequency lists , code lists etc). Paging control channel(PCCH) : Point to multipoint ,DL It transports paging information. All the UEs are required to regularly read the information on the BCCH and on the PCCH Dedicated control channel (DCCH) : Point to point ,UL/DL DCCH is provided in parallel to a DTCH for point to point signaling during an active connection Common control channel ( CCCH) : Point to multipoint ,UL/DL It enables access by a UE to the UTRAN

TRAFFIC CHANNELS:
Dedicated traffic channel (DTCH): Point to point ,UL/DL DTCH is used to transport user data from Node B to a specific UE and vice versa. This means it is dedicated to a specific subscriber Common traffic channel (CTCH) : Point to multipoint ,DL It transfers dedicated user information for all , or a group of specified UEs

Transport Channels:
Characterizes HOW data is transported over the air interface . Each transport channel is accompanied by the Transport format indicator(TFI). The physical layer combines the TFI information of different transport channels to the Transport format combination indicator(TFCI). It is not necessary to transmit the TFCI for fixed data rates. Organize & Pack data from different services from the higher layers for suitable transportation Unpack incoming data and sort for delivery to upper layers Offers flexible data speeds and channel encoding Efficient usage of radio resources

Dedicated Transport Channel

DCH (Dedicated Channel) Bi-directional channel for transporting both dedicated user and control data; carries DTCH & DCCH.DCH is characterized by fast data rate change on a frame by frame basis.

Common Transport Channel

BCH (Broadcast Channel) Downlink; Transports BCCH to UE; Always transmitted using the same transport format in entire cell Downlink; Transports small amount of data from BCCH/CCCH/DCCH/CTCH to either a specific UE or over the entire cell

FACH (Forward Access Channel)

PCH (Paging Channel) RACH (Random Access Channel)

Downlink; Transports data from PCCH to UE over entire cell Uplink; Used by UE for initial access to UTRAN

CPCH (Common Packet Channel)

DSCH (Downlink Shared Channel)

Uplink; Used by UE to send packet data to UTRAN

With DSCH, user may be allocated different data rates,For example: 384kbps with SF 8and 192kbps with SF16.DSCH may be mapped to a multicode case,Ex-3channelisation codes with spreading factor 4 provide a DSCH with 2 MBPS.

Physical Channels : By varying the SF, physical layer matches transmission rate to the current transport channel data. Actual data transmission over the air

Physical Channels(1)
The physical channel is in a 3-layer structure by the time: Superframe One superframe lasts 720ms, and consists of 72 radio frames. radio frame One radio frame has a period of 10ms, and comprises 15 timeslots with the same length. Corresponding to 38400 chips, it is a basic unit of the physical layer. Timeslot A timeslot is a unit composed of a bit domain, corresponding to 2560 chips. The bit number and structure of a timeslot depends on the specific type of the physical channel.

Physical Channels(2)
The frame structure of the physical channels is shown: Ttimeslot= 2560 chip
Tslot #1 Tslot #2 Tslot #I Tslot #15

Tframe=10 ms
Frame #0 Frame #1 Frame #I Frame #71

Tsuperframe=720 ms

Uplink physical channel

2 UL Dedicated physical channel (DPDCH and DPCCH) 2 UL Common physical channel (PRACH and PCPCH)

Dedicated physical Control channel Dedicated physical data channel Physical random Access channel Physical common Packet channel

DPCCH DPDCH PRACH PCPCH UL Common physical channel UL Dedicated physical channel

Uplink Dedicated physical channel

PRACH
Physical Random Access Channel
PRACH consists preamble part and message part Random access transmit 1or more 4096 chips length preambles and 10ms or 20ms length message part.
Preamble
4096 chips Preamble 4096 chips Preamble Preamble

Preamble

Preamble

Message part 10 ms (one radio frame) Message part 20 ms (two radio frames)

PRACH transmitted structure

PRACH
Physical Random Access Channel 10ms message part is split into 15 timeslots, each timeslot consists of 2560chips. Each timeslot includes data part and control part. They are transmitted in parallel . Data part :SF=32~256 , control part: SF=256.
Data Control Pilot N pilot bits Tslot = 2560 chips, 10*2
k

Data N data bits TFCI N TFCI bits bits (k=0..3)

Slot #0

Slot #1

Slot #i Message part radio frame T

RACH

Slot #14 = 10 ms

Downlink physical channel

DL physical channel include Dedicated physical channel1 Shared physical channel and five Common control channels.
SCH CPICH PICH

DL common physical channel

AICH CCPCH PDSCH

DPCH

Downlink dedicated physical channel

CPICH

CPICH
There is 2 types of CPICH:P-CPICH and S-PICH P-CPICH:
P-CPICH of different cell uses the same Cch,256,0 OVSF code to spread ,the bit rate of P-CPICH is also fixed. The P-CPICH is scrambled by the primary scrambling code. There is one and only P-CPICH per cell. The P-CPICH is broadcast over the entire cell. it is used to search cell primary scrambling code during cell selection procedure. And it is also used for measurement and estimation during handover, cell selection and cell re-selection. A arbitrary channelization code of SF=256 is used for the S-CPICH. A S-CPICH is scrambled by either the primary or a secondary scrambling code. There may be 0,1 or several S-CPICH per cell. A S-CPICH may be transmitted over the entire cell or part of the cell. It is may be a phase reference for a dl DPCH, but it is decided by high layer signalling.

S-CPICH:

P-CCPCH

Some important measurements which physical layer must perform and report to RRC are :
Explanation Energy per chip/ RSSI Mode Idle / Connected Evaluation Periodic Or Upon Request

Measurement CPICH Ec/No

CPICH RSCP

Received Signal Code Power

Idle / Connected

Periodic Or Upon Request

RSSI

Received Signal Strength Indicator Estimate of BLER on Rx Transport channel UE Transmit power

Connected

Periodic Or Upon Request

TrCh BLER

Connected

Periodic Or Upon Request

UE TX Pwr

Connected

Periodic Or Upon Request

3G DRIVE TEST ANALYSIS

Key performance indicator, category

Coverage, dBm Quality, dB Accessibility (Call setup success rate), Serving CPICH RSCP Serving CPICH Ec/No Voice call

Video call
% PS Voice call Retainability(Call drop rate), % Video call

PS
Soft handover success rate, CS voice Mobility (Handover success rate), %

Soft handover success rate, CS video

Soft handover success rate, PS R99 Mean data rate DL

Following are 3G drive test KPI we have to achieve

Stationary test for 3G

Acceptance Test Swapped Test New Test

Functionality Test During Swap night Mandatory Mandatory

Benchmarking Acceptance Mandatory Mandatory

Final Acceptance Mandatory Mandatory

KPI

Target

Voice Service - End to End

1 2 3
4 5 6 7 8 9

Assignment Setup Success Rate(CS) PS call setup Success Rate Call Drop Rate Hard Handover success Rate Soft Handover Success Rate Inter-RAT CS Handover success Rate Assignment Setup Delay(CS)

92.50% 93% 2% 93% 99% 92% <3.8s average value

PDP Context Activation Time(PS)

<1.7s average value RTT <150ms average value

Long call: The 1nd test handset in dedicated mode should be used for making continuous call to a specific test number till the call drops due to the Network flaws. Upon termination of the call another new call shall be initiated 10s. Short call: The 2nd test handset should be used for making short duration repeated calls to a specified auto-answering number in MSC for a specified duration. The duration of the short call and reestablishment time shall be defined for automatic call generation from the tool itself. The call shall automatically be terminated and initiated. Data: The 3rd test handset shall be used for continuous data session/sessions. Collected Information shall be utilized for various measurements and analysis.

Thank you