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Fabric Science

RING-SPINNING:
A system of spinning using a ring-and-traveler take up wherein the drafting of the roving and twisting and winding of the yarn onto the bobbin proceed simultaneously and continuously. Ring frames are suitable for spinning all counts up to 150s, and they usually give a stronger yarn and are more productive than earlier spinning frames. Ring: The device that carries the traveler up and down the package in ring spinning.

RING-SPINNING:
The latest innovation in ring spinning involves the use of a revolving ring to increase productivity. Revolving spinning ring is a driven ring that rotates in the direction of the traveler on a ring spinning frame. Since both the ring and the yarn package turn when this ring system is used, productivity is increased.
Ring spinning equipment is also widely used to take-up manufactured filament yarns and insert producer-twist at extrusion.

OPEN-END SPINNING:
A system of spinning based on the concept of introducing twist into the yarn without package rotation by simply rotating the yarn end at a gap or break in the flow of the fibers between the delivery system and the yarn package.
Because the twisting element can be compact and the mass of material to be rotated is small, very high twisting speeds can be attained. The process, in a sense combines the traditional processes of roving and spinning in one operation.

Present work is directed toward incorporating the drafting operation into the process by using card sliver as the feedstock. This can facilitate process linking.

AIR JET SPINNING:


A spinning system in which yarn is made by wrapping fibers around a core stream of fibers with compressed air.
In this process, the fibers are drafted to appropriate sliver size, then fed to the air jet chambers where they are twisted, first in one direction, then in the reverse direction in a second chamber.

They are stabilized after each twisting operation.

FRICTION SPINNING:
A spinning system in which the yarn receives its twist by being rolled along the longitudinal axis in the nip between two revolving surfaces. The surfaces may rotate at the same or different speeds in the same or opposite directions depending on the particular machine design. Potential advantages include high production capacity, low stress on the fiber in processing, and the capacity to produce very fine counts.

CORE SPINNING:
It consists of feeding the core yarn (an elastomeric filament yarn, a regular filament yarn, a textured yarn, or a previously spun yarn) into the front delivery roll of the spinning frame and of covering the core yarn with a sheath of fibers during the spinning operation.
CORE-SPUN YARN: A yarn made by twisting fibers around a filament or a previously spun yarn, thus concealing the core. Core yarns are used in sewing thread, blankets, and socks and also to obtain novelty effects in fabrics.

YARN NUMBER:
Yarn number is a relative measure of the fineness of yarns. Two classes of systems are in use: (1) Direct yarn number (equal to linear density) (2) Indirect yarn number (equal to the reciprocal of linear density)

(1) Direct yarn number (equal to linear density): Is the mass per unit length of yarn. This system is used for silk and manufactured filament yarns. (2) Indirect yarn number (equal to the reciprocal of linear density) Is the length per unit mass of yarn. This system is used for cotton, linen, and wooltype spun yarns.

COTTON COUNT:
The yarn numbering system based on length and weight originally used for cotton yarns and now employed for most staple yarns spun on the cotton, or short-staple, system.
It is based on a unit length of 840 yards, and the count of the yarn is equal to the number of 840-yard skeins required to weigh 1 pound. Under this system, the higher the number, the finer the yarn.

FILAMENT: A fiber of an indefinite or extreme length such as found naturally in silk. Manufactured fibers are extruded into filaments that are converted into filament yarn, staple, or tow.

FILAMENT YARN: A yarn composed of continuous filaments assembled with or without twist. Filament Yarn: In the spinning of manufactured filaments, fiberforming substances in the plastic or molten state, or in solution, are forced through the fine orifices in a metallic plate called a spinneret, or jet, at a controlled rate. The solidified filaments are drawn-off by rotating rolls, or godets, and wound onto bobbins or pirns.
(Also see YARN.) PRODUCER-TEXTURED YARNS: Continuous filament yarns that have been bulked during manufacturing by the fiber producer. (Also see TEXTURING.)

Yarn Size
Yarn number spun yarn size is referred to as count or number and is expressed in terms of length per unit of weight. Weaving yarns and sewing thread are numbered by the cotton system. It is an indirect system, the finer the yarn, the larger the number. The count is based on the number of hanks(1hank is 840 yards) in 1pound of yarn. Number or count of spun yarn Hanks weight (pounds) No. 1 1(840 yards) 1 No.2 2(1,680 yards) 1 No.3 3(2,520 yards) 1 The woolen and worsted systems are similar to the cotton system except that hanks are of different length. Denier The size of filament yarns is expressed in terms of weight per unit of length. In this system the unit of length remains constant. The numbering system is direct because the finer the yarn, the smaller the number. Filament Yarn Size 1 denier 9,000 meters weighs 1 gram 2 denier 9,000 meters weighs 2 gram 3denier 9,000 meters weighs 3 gram Tex system The International Organizational for Standardization had adopted the Tex system, which determines yarn count or number in the same way for all fibre yarn and uses metric system.

METRIC COUNT: The number of kilometers per kilogram of yarn. WORSTED COUNT: A woolen yarn measure. A 1s worsted yarn has 560 yards in one pound of yarn. WOOLEN COUNT: The two systems used to determine woolen yarn counts in the U.S. are the run system and the cut system. The run system has a standard of 1600 yards per hand, while the cut system is based on 300 yards per hank.

WOOLEN CUT: A woolen yarn measure. A 1cut woolen yarn has 300 yards in one pound of yarn. WOOLEN RUN: A woolen yarn measure. A 1run woolen yarn has 1,600 yards in one pound of yarn, a 2-run yarn has 3,200 yards, and so on.

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