Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Dr. K. N. Patel Former Additional Director Health and Family Welfare Gujarat
Sex ratio
No. of women of all age groups per 1000 males in that area at a given point of time. Sex Ratio in India during last 100 Yrs
SN 1 Year 1901 Sex ratio India 972 Sex ratio Gujarat
2 3
4
1951 2001
2011
918 / 847
SN 1 2 3 4 5 6
81 90
91 100
1346
1695
940
930 920 910 1940
945 933
940
927
914
1960
1980
2000
2020
SN
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
District wise sex ratio: Gujarat District 2001 2011 Adult Child Adult Child India 933 927 940 914 Gujarat 920 883 918 886 Dangs 987 974 1007 963 Tapi 996 951 1004 944 Dohad 985 967 986 937 Amreli 987 945 964 937 Navsari 955 933 961 926 Narmada 949 935 960 923 junagadh 955 915 952 921 Sabarkantha 947 918 950 914 Porbandar 946 922 947 913 Panchmahal 938 903 945 904 Jamnagar 941 879 938 899 Kheda 923 898 937 898 Banaskantha 930 898 936 894
SN 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
District wise sex ratio: Gujarat District 2001 2011 Adult Child Adult Child Patan 932 886 935 894 Vadodara 919 907 934 890 Bhavnagar 937 886 931 889 Surendranagar 924 876 929 887 valsad 920 881 926 885 Mahesana 927 865 925 884 Rajkot 930 892 924 879 Bharuch 921 949 924 877 Anand 910 835 921 859 Gandhinagar 913 854 920 854 Kutch 942 816 907 847 Ahemdabad 892 801 903 845 Surat 810 859 788 836
Causes
Strong
wish to have a male child Gender discrimination Dowry Myth: daughter is a liability religious believes More and more couples adopting one child norm and prefer male child
the result?
Imbalance of male and female population All Males may not get bride to marry Rise in the incidents of Rape, kidnapping,
exploitation, resulting in unhealthy society
Action needed
Govt. NGOs, leaders, philanthropic organizations, community groups should join hands to fight the issue
The Pre-conception and pre-natal diagnostic techniques (prohibition of sex selection) Act, 1994
The order came following a public interest petition filed by NGOs-the Centre for the Enquiry of Health and Allied Themes (CEHAT), the Mahila Sarvangeen Utkarsh Mandal (MASUM) and Dr. Sabu George, who had done extensive research in this area
The Pre-conception and pre-natal diagnostic techniques (prohibition of sex selection) Act, 1994
An Act to provide for the prohibition of sex selection before or after conception, and for regulation of pre-natal diagnostic techniques. Technique is for the purpose of detecting genetic abnormalities or metabolic disorders or chromosomal abnormalities or certain congenital malformations or sex linked disorders Prevention of their misuse for sex determination leading to female feticide and for matters connected there with or incidental there to.
Chapter I
1.
Preliminary
Short title, extent and commencement: The Pre-conception and pre-natal diagnostic techniques (prohibition of sex selection) Act, 1994; whole of India except the State of J&K; come in force on such date the GoI notify in gazette 2. Definitions: Appropriate Authority, Board, conceptus, embryo, fetus, genetic clinic, counseling centre, pre-natal diagnostic techniques, gynecologist etc.
Chapter II Regulation of genetic counseling centers, genetic laboratories and genetic clinics 3. Regulation of genetic counseling centers, genetic laboratories and genetic clinics i. Registration under the Act ii. Person providing services in these centers should possess prescribed qualifications iii. No medical practitioner, geneticist shall conduct technique at place other than the registered one No person/specialist in the field of infertility shall conduct sex selection
4. Regulation of pre-natal diagnostic techniques No place including registered shall be used by any person for conducting pre-natal diagnosis except Purpose: Chromosomal abnormalities, genetic disorders, haemoglobinopathies, sex linked genetic diseases, congenital anomalies, others specified by Board No person, relative, husband of PW shall seek or encourage conduct of pre-natal diagnosis except for above or sex selection technique on her
5. Written consent of PW and prohibiting communicating the sex of fetus - No person shall conduct procedure unlessexplained all known side/after effects to PW - Obtained her consent in prescribed form - Copy of her written consent given to PW - No one shall communicate to PW or her relatives the sex of the fetus by words, signs or in any other manner 6. Determination of sex prohibited - No centre, clinic, lab shall conduct prenatal diagnosis for the purpose of determining the sex of fetus
To advise Central Government on policy matters related to use of prenatal diagnostic techniques, sex selection techniques and against its misuse Review and monitor implementation of The Act and recommend changes in the Act Crete public awareness Lay down code of conduct for persons working in genetic centers and laboratories Oversee performance of various bodies constituted under the Act
Advisory committee
Advisory Committee for each Apropriate Authority Three medical experts from gynecologists, pediatricians and medical geniticists One legal expert One officer from dept dealing with publicity 3 eminent social workers (one should be from womens organization) Recommend to AA after investigation of complaints, for suspension or cancellation of registration
Chapter vi: registration of genetic counseling centers, laboratories and clinics 18. registration of genetic counseling centers, laboratories and clinics Genetic centers, clinics or laboratories having ultrasound or imaging machine or scanner or any other technology capable of detecting sex of fetus should get registration under the Act with the Appropriate Authority. 19. Certificate of Registration: The AA shall after holding an inquiry grant a certificate of a registration in prescribed form. The certificate shall be displayed by registered centre in a conspicuous place.
20. Cancellation or suspension of registration: The AA may suo moto, or on complaint issue a notice to the centre to show cause why the registration should not be cancelled. After giving a reasonable opportunity and if satisfied that there is a breach of the provisions the AA may cancel the registration. 21. Appeal: The Appeal may be done within 30 days from the date of receipt of order to the central or the state government as the case may be.
22. Prohibition of advertisements relating to pre-conception and pre-natal determination of sex and punishment for contravention: up to 3 years imprisonment and fine up to 10,000 23. Any person who contravenes any of the provisions of this Act: Punishable up to 3 years imprisonment and fine up to 10,000. on subsequent conviction: up to 5 years imprisonment and fine up to 50,000.
24. Any person compelling PW to undergo the technique: Punishment as above. Not to woman who was compelled. 25. For acts of any person, the punishment not specified: up to 3 months imprisonment and fine up to 1,000
Chapter VII offences and penalties 26. Offences by companies: corporate, firm, Director 27. Offence to be cognizable, non-bailable and noncompoundable 28. Cognizance of offence: No court shall take cognizance of the off CHAPTER VIII: MISCELLANEOUS 29. Maintenance of records: preserve for 2 years. Shall be made available to AA or authorized person by AA for inspection 30. Power to search and seize records, etc: to AA 31. Protection of action taken in good faith: No suit, prosecution or other legal action against State, Central Govt and AA if action taken in good faith 32,33,34. Power to make rules, regulations and to be laid before Parliament
The rules give directives and guidance The rules, 1996 on : Qualifications of persons Requirements for the place, Equipments etc Regarding sale of ultrasound machines Application for Registration Fee Registration procedure, certificate, validity, renewal Intimation of change of address Records, declarations, Forms Search and seizure Appeals
5 50,000
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