ELEMENTE DE ARHITECTURA

- CURS VIII ELEMENTE DE URBANISM

Arh Ing Radu Costin Turcanu

Orasul

Populatia marilor orase

Tokyo

NewYork

Amsterdam Roma
Locuitori zona 1 (centrala sau urbana)

Paris
Locuitori zona 2 (urbana sau metropolitana)

Bucuresti 0 Bucuresti Locuitori zona 2 (urbana sau metropolitana) Locuitori zona 1 (centrala sau urbana) 668162 1931838 5,000,000 Paris 7476513 2,167,994 10,000,000 Roma 1307454 2,705,603 Amsterdam 609153 755,269 15,000,000 NewYork 10223473 8,274,527 20,000,000 Tokyo 4152902 8,637,098

Densitate de locuire in marile orase

30000

25000

20000

15000

Locuitori/km^2 Zona1 Locuitori/km^2 Zona 2

10000

5000

0 Locuitori/km^2 Zona1 Locuitori/km^2 Zona 2

Bucuresti 8472.973684 138.677487

Paris

Roma

Amsterdam

New York

Tokyo

24948.1473 2105.527626 3448.716895 6813.675066 13890.25265 2836.202344 321.4787313 776.9808673 1368.824041 2653.153769

Perceptia spatiului urban Strada in Roma Proportie specifica orasului medieval, strazi inguste

Reperul urban Marcarea LOCULUI Vederea unui turn sau cupola, o fatada deosebita, o fantana, o decoratie aparte

Place Vendome

Place des Vosges

Place de la Concorde - Paris

Karlsruhe
The city takes its name from Margrave Karl Wilhelm of Baden-Durlach, who founded the city on June 17, 1715 after a dispute with the citizens of his previous capital, Durlach.

Lancelot Brown (17166 February 1783), more commonly known as Capability

Brown, was an English landscape architect. He is remembered as "the last of the great English eighteenth-century artists to be accorded his due", and "England's greatest gardener". He designed over 170 parks, many of which still endure. His influence was so great that the contributions to the English landscape garden made by Charles Bridgeman and William Kent are often overlooked; even Kent's apologist Horace Walpole allowed that Kent had been followed by "a very able master".

Thorndon Hall

Sherborne Castle

Sheffield Park Garden

The garden city movement is an approach to urban planning

that was founded in 1898 by Sir Ebenezer Howard in the United Kingdom. Garden cities were to be planned, self-contained communities surrounded by greenbelts, and containing carefully balanced areas of residences, industry, and agriculture. Inspired by the Utopian novel Looking Backward, Howard published Tomorrow: a Peaceful Path to Real Reform in 1898 (reissued in 1902 as Garden Cities of To-morrow), organized the Garden City Association in 1899. Two cities were founded based on Howard's ideas: Letchworth Garden City and Welwyn Garden City, both in England. Howard's successor as chairman of the Garden City Association was Sir Frederic Osborn, who extended the movement into regional planning. [1] The idea of the garden city was influential in the United States (in Newport News, Virginia's Hilton Village; Pittsburgh's Chatham Village; Sunnyside, Queens; Radburn, New Jersey; Jackson Heights, Queens; the Woodbourne neighborhood of Boston; Garden City, New York; Forest Hills, NY, and Baldwin Hills Village in Los Angeles), in Canada (in Kapuskasing, Ontario and Walkerville, Ontario) and in Argentina (in ciudad jardn de Lomas del Palomar). The first German garden city, Hellerau, a suburb of Dresden, was founded in 1909. The concept was drawn upon for German worker housing built during the Weimar years, and again in England after World War II when the New Towns Act triggered the development of many new communities based on Howard's egalitarian vision. Scandinavian examples include the garden city of Bromma in Stockholm, built 1910-1940, including the internationally acclaimed functionalist garden city area of Sdra ngby. The garden city movement also influenced the Scottish urbanist Sir Patrick Geddes in the planning of Jerusalem's expansion and Tel-Aviv, Israel in 1920's during the British mandate period. Contemporary town planning charters like New Urbanism and Principles of Intelligent Urbanism find their origins in this movement. Today, there are many garden cities in the world. Most of them, however, exist as just dormitory suburbs, which completely differ from what Howard wanted to create.

Aerial view of Letchworth, Hertfordshire, the first garden city in England, founded in 1903.

Urmasul orasului gradina Cartierul rezidential Nord American

Urmasul orasului gradina Cartierul rezidential Nord American

Urmasul orasului gradina Urbanismul Peisager

1927 - Villas at Weissenhof Estate, Stuttgart, Germany

1927 - Villas at Weissenhof Estate, Stuttgart, Germany

1927 - Villas at Weissenhof Estate, Stuttgart, Germany

Urbanismul Functionalist preia ideea orasului gradina In loc de case sunt propuse blocuri de locuinte

Viziunea lui Corbusier Aplicarea unitatii de locuire la scara globala => Nasterea urbanismului functionalist

Viziunea lui Corbusier aplicata orasului Paris Plan Voisin Din fericire nematerializata

Blocul functionalist
+ este asigurata o locuinta la un pret accesibil + sunt asigurate conditiile traiului decent + igienic si sanitar locuinta este corespunzatoare -Comparativ cu locuirea intr-un oras din perioada de inaintea celui de-al 2-lea razboi mondial, oras cu care era obisnuit, individul este fortat sa traiasca in conditii noi, straine, cu care nu este obisnuit -omul este fortat sa locuiasca intr-o matrice ale carei coordonate trebuie sa le cunoasca, nu exista alt reper -locuinta este depersonalizata, standard Locuirea la bloc a fost o solutie potrivita in multe cazuri situatiei create dupa razboi in care multa populatie ramasese fara locuinta, solutie potrivita cel putin pe termen scurt si mediu. In Romania s-a continuat constructia de blocuri Functionaliste pana in 1989 desi in alte parti ale lumii se renuntase demult, inca din anii 70, multe dintre acestea fiind demolate deoarece au ajuns sa fie privite ca o locuinta inferioara, a imigrantilor, devenind sursa de infractionalitate.

Vecinatati in Drumul Taberei Drumul Taberei Printre primele cartiere functionaliste in Bucuresti

Drumul Taberei - 1968

Brasilia Oras Functionalist Demonstratie de urbanism

Noul Curent in Arhitectura si Urbanism Relationarea la: Context, la Spiritul locului, Arhitectura de concept isi poate naste conceptul din natura sitului natural sau urban

Noul Curent in Arhitectura si Urbanism Relationarea la: Context, la Spiritul locului, Arhitectura de concept isi poate naste conceptul din natura sitului natural sau urban

Noul Curent in Arhitectura si Urbanism Relationarea la: Context, la Spiritul locului, Arhitectura de concept isi poate naste conceptul din natura sitului natural sau urban http://blog.buildllc.com/2008/02/11/the-architecture-of-insertion/

Arcology, from the words "ecology" and "architecture,"[1] is a set of architectural design principles aimed toward the design of enormous habitats (hyperstructures) of extremely high human population density. These largely hypothetical structures, called "arcologies," would contain a variety of residential and commercial facilities and minimize individual human environmental impact. They are often portrayed as self-contained or economically self-sufficient. The concept has been primarily popularized by architect Paolo Soleri, and appears commonly in science fiction.