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COMMUTATOR MOTORS
Developed to provide (i) Better Speed Control (ii) Good p.f. Control (iii) Both Speed and p.f. Control
2 Classes
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Motor having Series Characteristics. i.e. Speed falls with increase in load.
Constructional Details Stator: Similar to that of 3 Phase Induction Motor. Rotor: Similar to that of a D.C. armature with commutator segments 3 Brush sets per pair of poles spaced 120 0 E apart. The Stator and Rotor are connected in Series . Flux will be dependent on the current, resulting in Series Speed Characteristics. (Variable Speed)
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STARTING: No special Starting equipment is required. Effected with the Brushes in the minimum speed position. i.e. (180 ) from the short circuit position. normally between 100 to 400 . The Stator is energized and the rotor rotates.
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As the brush gear is moved against the direction of rotation of rotor, the torque increases the motor can be bought up to the desired speed. For any given position of the BRUSHES, the Speed falls with increase in Load, as in the case of SERIES MOTORS.
CHARACTERISTICS FEATURES Starting Torque and Starting Current 50% of the FL Values. Reducing , enables to obtain TSt upto 200% FL & ISt upto150% FL Efficiency HIGH for the whole operating range. p.f. HIGH approaching unity for Speeds near NS .
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SPEED CONTROL
APPLICATIONS Used for driving loads where torque increases with speed. eg. Compressors, Centrifugal Pumps
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THREE PHASE A.C. SHUNT COMMUTATOR MOTORS Also known as Doubly Fed Motor.
Constructional Details
Stator: Similar to that of 3 Phase Induction Motor. Rotor: Similar to that of a D.C. armature with commutator segments 3 Brush sets per pair of poles spaced 120
0
E apart.
Both Stator & Rotor are connected to the same supply source. Stator is directly fed; but the rotor through a variable ratio transformer.
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1. When E j
= 0, the brushes in effect are Short circuited - the m/c now operates as an Induction Motor.
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2. When E j
Slip power returned to Supply. 3. When E j aids E 2 , Speed is above Ns . Slip power delivered to Supply.
Since slip power is either returned to, or taken from the supply,
Doubly fed motor results in a CONSTANT TORQUE drive system. More or less Constant speed at all loads for a given tapping.
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APPLICATIONS
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