Class-7th

Previous Knowledge
S.No. 1 2 Term 4x -7xy Numeral Coefficient 4 -7 Literal Coefficient x xy

Algebraic Expressions%&
Monomial
Binomial x2

6ab
3x + 7 y3
2

Trinomial

+ z3

Algebraic Expressions
When we combine numbers and literal numbers by means of Arithmetic operations we get Algebraic expressions .

For example,
Number Literal Number = 2 = x

Hence 2x is a Algebraic expressions

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Objectives
To teach manipulation of algebraic expressions to students through the use of geometrical representations: Multiplication of Monomials Multiplication of a Monomial and Binomial Multiplication of Binomials Multiplication of a Binomial and a Trinomial Standard Identities

Quiz and Question -Answer

Things to Remember
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Multiplication of Monomials
D C

3x

12x2

A
4x

Product of monomials are represented by area of a rectangle ABCD

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Multiplication of Monomial by Binomial

Binomial:Every binomial is a sum or difference of two monomials. If we take a monomial ( k ) and a Binomial (x+y). Let us draw a rectangle ABCD whose length and breadth are (x+y), k respectively. Take a point P on line AB such that AP= x and PB = y. From P , draw a line PQAD meeting DC in Q.

Multiplication of Monomial by Binomial

D Q C

Since Area of rectangle ABCD = Area of APQD +Area of PBCQ

k(x+y) = kx + ky Hence k(x+y) is represented by area of rectangle ABCD.7

Multiplication of Binomial by Binomial

If P,Q,R, S are monomials and (P+Q),(R+S) are binomials. Draw a rectangle ABCD whose sides are (P+Q) and (R+S). Then the product of binomial (P+Q) and (R+S) are represented by area of rectangle ABCD.
Area of ABCD =

=Area of AGIF +Area of GIED+Area of FBHI +Area of HCEI

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Multiplication of Binomial by Binomial

D C D PS
R+S

E QS I PR
P

C
S

(P+Q)(R+S)

=
B A

QR
P
Q

P+Q

(P+Q)(R+S)
Hence

PR

$ PS $

QR $

QS

Multiplication of Binomial (P+Q)(R+S) is represented by Area of { AGIF + GIED + FBHI + HCEI }

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Multiplication of Binomial by Trinomial

D C

C
b

a+b

=
x+y+z

E K L

F
a

H
Hence

(a+b)(x+y+z) = ax + ay + az + bx + by + bz

Multiplication binomial (a + b) and Trinomial (x +y +z) is equal to Area of rectangles {AHKE +HJLK +JBFL +GKED +ILKG +CFLI } 10

Standard Identity
(a+b) and (a-b) are two simple binomials. If we multiply each of them with itself and with other, we get :

(a+b)(a+b) or (a+b)2 (a-b)(a-b) or (a+b)(a-b) or (a-b)2 (a2-b2)

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2 (a+b)
Draw a square of side (a+b)

=
a

2 a +

2ab +

2 b

Cut a squareof side a

Cut a rectangle of length a and breadth b

Cut a square of side b a+b
b

a+b a b b b
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2 (a+b)
Area of Square

2 a +
a

2ab +
A

2 b

Know the area of Figure A,B,C,D

A is a2

Area of square

B is b2

B
b b

Area of rectangle C is ab

C
a

Area of rectangle D is ba

D
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2 a+

2ab +
a

2 b

=
b

2 (a+b)

Joint the Figure A,B,C,D

C
a

D
b

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2 a+

2ab +
a a

2 b

=
b

2 (a+b)

C
a

D
b

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2 a+

2ab +
a a

2 b
b

=
a

2 (a+b)

C
a

D
b

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2 a+

2ab +
a a

2 b
b

=
a

2 (a+b)

C
a

D
b

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2 a+

2ab +
a a

2 b
b

=
a

2 (a+b)

B
D

C
a

18

2 a+

2ab +
a a

2 b
b

=
a

2 (a+b)

B
D

C
b a

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2 a+

2ab +
a a

2 b
b

=
a

2 (a+b)

A
C
a

B
D
b

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2 a+

2ab +

2 b

2 (a+b)

a+b

a+b

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2 (a+b) A

=
B

2 a +

2ab +
C

2 b
D

A
a+b

B
a+b

= C

D
2ab +
a+b

Hence Identity (

a+b

a+b)2 =

a2 +

b2

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2 (a-b)
Draw a Square of side a D

2 =a

2ab

2 +b

a-b a

a-b

C Area of this square is (a-b)(a-b)=(a-b)2 Area of this rectangle is of this Area Area square of this is rectangle is b(a-b) (a-b)b b2

Area of square ABCD is a2

b
A B

a-b

a-b

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2 (a-b)
Joint figure A,B,C

2 =a

2ab
A

2 +b

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2 (a-b)

2 =a

2ab
A

2 +b

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2 (a-b)

2 =a

2ab
A C

2 +b

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2 (a-b)

2 =a

2ab
A

2 +b

C
B

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2 (a-b)
a-b

2 =a

2ab
a

2 +b

this of square is (a-b)(a-b) Area is Area of this this square figure is b Area of 2 or (a-b) 2 2 2
a {(a-b)b+b(a-b)+b }=2ab-b

a-b

a-b a-b

b a

Hence

(a-b)2 = a2 - (2ab-b2)
(a-b)2 = a2 - 2ab +b2
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2 2 (a -b )
I

=(a+b)(a-b)

Here a and b are two monomials.

a-b

Cut a rectangle FECH and paste it on topABCD breath is of the rectangle AGHD with Area of figure AGFECD of Square J Area 2 height (a-b) of rectangle FECH is (a2-b2)

"a Cut a square EFGB ,of side b, area of square is b2

D a+b

a-b
F E

b
A

a-b a G

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2 2 (a -b )

=(a+b)(a-b)
a-b

Area of this figure is (a2-b2)

Area of this rectangle is (a+b)(a-b)

a+b

=
b

Hence (a2-b2) =(a+b)(a-b)

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Quiz About Algebraic Expressions

{Click on the right answer and

check your understanding}

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Question 1 Multiply 6ab and -7bc :

A. [- 42abc] B. [13ab2c]

C. [42ab2c]

D. [-42ab2c]

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Question 2 Find the product (5xy)(x3y2)(6):

A. [11x4y3] B. [11x3y4]

C. [30x3y4]

D. [30x4y3]

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Question 3 Multiply (x-1) and(2x+3):

A. [2x2-x-3]

B. [2x2+x-3]

C. [2x2+x+3]

D. [2x2-5x+3]

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Question 4

Which of the following is a suitable Identity to multiply (3x-4y) and (3x-4y):

A. (a-b)2=a2+b2 -2ab B. (a-b)(a+b)=a2 - b2 D. None of the above

C. (a+b)2=a2+b2+2ab

and the correct answer of the multiplication is: A. 9x2+16y2-24xy B. 3x2-12xy+4y2 D. None of the above
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C. 9x2+24xy+16y2

Question 5 Which of the following is a

suitable Identity to multiply (2p+5q) and (2p+5q):

A. (a-b)2=a2-2ab+b2 C. a2-b2=(a+b)(a-b) B. (a+b)2=a2+2ab+b2 None of the above

and the correct answer of the multiplication is:

A. 4p2+20pq+25q2 B. 2p2+10pq+q2 D. None of the above
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C. 4p2-20pq-25q2

Questions and Answers

Find the product of following :
6. (5a2b)(3b2c)(4ac2) 7. (x+y)(7x-y), x = 1,y = 0 multiply and verify the result for given values:

8. (x+2y)(2x-9y+7)

9. 992 ,using the suitable identity:

10. (512 - 492) Evaluate without calculating the square of any number:

Solutions
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Solutions
Ans.6.={534}{a2+1b1+2c1+2}

6. (5a2b)(3b2c)(4ac2) 7. (x+y)(7x-y), x = 1,y = 0 multiply and verify the result for given values:

= 60a3 b3c3 = 60a3b3c3 Ans.7.= x(7x-y) + y(7x-y) =7x2 xy+7xy y2 = 7x2 +6xy-y2 Put x = 1 and y = 0, = 7(1)2 - 10 + 710 - (0)2 = 71 0 + 0 -0 = 7 Ans.8. = x(2x-9y+7) + 2y(2x-9y+7)

8. (x+2y)(2x-9y+7)

= 2x2 - 9xy + 7x + 4xy - 18y2 + 4y = 2x2 5xy + 7x + 4y - 18y2

9. 992 ,using the suitable Identity:

Ans.9.

= 992

Use Identity (a-b)2 = a2 -2ab +b2 = (100 -1)2 = (100)2 - 21001 + (1)2 =10000 - 200 +1 = 9801

10. (512 - 492) Evaluate without calculating the square of any number:

Ans.10. = 512 492 Use Identity a2 b2 = (a+b)(a-b) 38 =512 492 = (51+49)(51-49) = 1002 = 200

Things To Remember
The Product of two monomials is the product of their coefficients and the literals in the two monomials, the exponent of each literal being the sum of the exponents in the given monomials. To multiply a monomial by a binomial ,we multiply the monomial with each term of the binomial and add the product. To multiply two binomials, we multiply each term of one binomial with each of the other and add the products. To multiply a binomial and a trinomial, we multiply each term of the binomial with each term of the trinomial and add the products.

Useful Identities: For all values of a and b.

(a+b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
(a-b)2 = a2 - 2ab + b2 a2 b2 = (a+b)(a-b)
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