Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Unit Questions
What forces act on a car and on the body during a car crash? What are some causes of vehicle crashes?
Overview
Forces acting on your car and body in a car crash Physics of moving objects Newtons Laws of Motion 3 types of collisions that occur during a car crash Causes of car crashes Vehicle safety
is
distance time
is
distance
time
in a
direction
55 mph south
is
the change in
When a car accelerates, it may be speeding up or slowing down.
Remember:
Mass is the amount of matter in something. Speed is how fast something is traveling. Velocity is how fast something is traveling in a direction. Acceleration is a change in speed.
Experiment #1
Velocity or Acceleration?
F = ma
Force equals mass times acceleration is a push or a pull.
This law means that while you are applying a force on an object, it will continue to accelerate or change its velocity. It also states that the greater the force on an object, the greater the acceleration.
in motion ?
Here is a clue:
The Starkville Academy running back is running toward the goal.
The Heritage linebacker grabs his legs one yard from the goal line.
The running back cant move his legs, but still scores for SA and wins the game!
is
in motion !
Momentum = mass x velocity
All objects have mass. If an object is moving, it has momentum.
Momentum
They collide head on at the goal line. What are the results ?
time
A moving car has momentum. When this car crashes, its momentum is changed. A change in momentum is called an is an applied over a period of
time .
Remember:
Mass is how much matter is in something. Acceleration is how fast you are changing your speed. Velocity is speed in a direction. A force is a push or a pull. Momentum is mass in motion. Impulse is the force times the time the force is applied.
Experiment #2
Have you ever wondered what happens inside a car when it crashes?
In each car crash there are actually three collisions:
If the
time to stop a
is is
and the
great.
If the
time to stop a
is
the stopping
is
and the
to car and driver is less.
Car Crash
In a Car's Collision
During a crash, the car crashes to a stop. At 30 mph, a car hitting an object that is not moving will crumple in about two feet. As the car crushes, it absorbs some of the force of the collision and increases the stopping time.
In a the stopping
time
is
by having a
front end and bumper on the car.
Humans in a crash can also cause serious injuries to other humans when they collide with each other. People in the front seat of a car are often hit by rear-seat passengers as they fly forward with incredible force.
The impulse experienced by the car equals a change in momentum. As car designers, we only have control over mass and time.
Seatbelts
Purpose is to restrain passengers from tossing back and forth after a collision
Lap belt protects the pelvis and the shoulder belt protects the rib cage
Have ability to extend and retract, but in a collision the belts will suddenly tighten up and hold passengers in place
Air Bags
Purpose is to slow down passengers speed after a crash
Bumpers
The bumpers purpose is to absorb crash energy without significant damage to the bumper itself and no damage to the vehicles rear or front end. Low speed crashes mostly occur in urban traffic. Less damage is done in a collision when 2 vehicles are lined up bumper to bumper. Bumpers can protect other components of a vehicle.
does kill.
10
20 50 65 70
11
22 60.5 65 77
6
24 181.5 253.5 294
17
46 242 325 371
Longer than a football field
Think of the following scenarios, when you make that choice to use your seat belt:
At 3 mph Imagine that you are hit head-on by a football tackle running 3 mph. He knocks you flat and your head hits the turf. You wake up in the hospital with a serious concussion and a sprained neck.
At 15 mph Imagine shoving your face into the windshield or your chest into the steering wheel at that speed, with no helmet, no pads, and no chance to brace yourself
At 35 mph
You are driving at 35 mph when a deer darts in front of your car. You brake quickly, miss the deer and keep your car on the road. Shaken up, you pull over. An officer stops to offer assistance and then issues a citation for not buckling up. "Next time, you might not be so lucky, he says.
At 40 mph
Suppose you stand on top of a five story building and fall off head first. This represents 40 mph.
Experiments
Bumper Design Challenge
Automotive Design Engineering Challenge
Questions
What are the three types of collisions that occur during a car crash? What are some causes of car crashes? How can you remain safe in a car?
Resources
CAVS Outreach Program, Cuicchi, P., & Cuicchi, R. (n.d.). Mission eggcellence challenge [Brochure]. (Available from Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems, Mississippi State University) Henderson, T. (1996). Lesson 4: Newtons third law of motion. In The physics classroom tutorial. Retrieved March 2, 2008, from Glenbrook South High School Web site: http://www.glenbrook.k12.il.us/ GBSSCI/ PHYS/ CLASS/ newtlaws/ u2l4a.html Henderson, T. (1996). Speed and velocity. In The physics classroom tutorial. Retrieved March 2, 2008, from Glenbrook South High School Web site: http://www.glenbrook.k12.il.us/ GBSSCI/ PHYS/ Class/ 1DKin/ U1l1d.html Wirt, S. (1999). The physics zone: Forces, accelerations, and car accidents. Retrieved March 2, 2008, from Oswego City School District Web site: http://regentsprep.org/ Regents/ physics/ phys01/ accident/ default.htm Zobel, E. (1997). Newtons second law of motion. Retrieved March 2, 2008, from http://id.mind.net/ ~zona/ mstm/ physics/ mechanics/ forces/ newton/ newtonLaw2.html