3G -UMTS

3G wireless networks Clint Smith and Daniel Collins

Introduction to 3G
High-speed data for wireless mobility market Defined by ITU (International Telecommunication Union) Specification IMT2000 (International Mobile Telecommunication)
Radio and network access spec. Enabling mobile and fixed high-speed data services to use one or several radio channels.

Services envisioned by IMT2000

Global standard Compatibility of services within IMT2000 and other fixed networks High quality Worldwide common frequency band Small terminals for worldwide Worldwide roaming capability Multimedia application services and terminals Improved spectrum efficiency Flexibility for evolution to the next generation of wireless systems High speed packet data rates
2Mbps for fixed environment 384kbps for pedestrian 144kbps for vehicular traffic

Linkage b/n various platforms

3G evolution

Reason for 3G TO PINDOWN

Involves radio access and network platforms that have not been fully realized. Multitude of technology covering many frequency bands, channel BWs and modulation formats. No single 3G infrastructure platform, technology or applications exist Applied to both mobile and stationary wireless applications involving high-speed data.

Comparison 2G, 2.5G and 3G

UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication Services)

Proposed technologies to meet ITU spec. TDMA,CDMA FDD/TDD ESTI WCDMA/FDD Japan-WCDMA-TDD/FDD Korea-CDMA2000, TC-SCDMA 2 working groups
3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project)
UMTS-WCDMA

3GPP2 CDMA2000

Migration of UMTS and 3GPP

Radio access for UMTS UTRA-(Universal Terrestrial Radio Access) WCDMA FDD/TDD modes Radio Access Network (RAN) UTRAN Air interface Core network -GSM

Migration path

Evolution of GSM BSS

EDGE Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution GSM for UMTS Release 1996,97,98-GSM versions 3GPP Release 1999 completed in march 2000
corrections error identified during testing

3GPP Release 2000-major changes in core network Release 4 changes to the architecture of the core network Release 5-new call model-changes to user terminals, core network, access network

UMTS services Conversational

Low delay tolerance, low jitter, low error tolerance Data rate requirement high/low, but symmetric Voice-highly delay-sensitive, does not require high data rate. Video conferencing- less error tolerant, high data rate

UMTS services Streaming

One-way services Low/high bit rates Low error tolerance High tolerance to delay and jitter because receiving application uses buffers to buffer data synchronization Streaming audio and video applications.

UMTS services Interactive

Request/response type transactions Low tolerance for errors Large tolerance to delays Jitter not a major impediment

UMTS services Background

Server to server email delivery, SMS, Performance/measurement reporting Require Error free delivery

UMTS Speech Services

Speech is widely offered service by UMTS Requirements: data rate, jitter, delay, error-free delivery. Comparable with fixed telephony networks UMTS uses adaptive multi rate (AMR) speech coder 12.2,10.2,7.95,7.40,6.70,5.90,5.15 and 4.75kbps. 12.2kbps-used in GSM Enhanced Full Rate(EFR) coding scheme. 7.4kbps-used in IS-136 TDMA networks Packet-switched data service-dedicated resource is assigned.

AMR
AMR-allows speech bit rate to change dynamically during a call Frame-20ms Supports Voice Activity Detection (VAD) and discontinuous transmission (DTX) with comfort noise generation.
Effect-little or nothing is sent over air interface when nothing is being spoken Reduces amount of transmission over air interface by 50%

UMTS DATA SERVICES

WCDMA-offers flexibility in transmission of user data across air interface. Data rate change dynamically for every 10ms Support mixed and match of different type of services send data as well make voice call Physical data channel-carry data Physical control channel-correct interpretation of data carried + power control commands and feedback indicators.

UMTS DATA SERVICES

Packet data services are established by UMTS by activating PDP context with Access Point Name (APN), QoS criteria. Compared to GPRS/EDGE UMTS offers
Flexibility High speed Channel selection Resource allocation to traffic

UMTS Air interface

DSCDMA- Direct Sequence CDMA system WCDMA,CDMA2000,TD-CDMA, TD-SCDMA WCDMA Basics:

CDMA basic
User data spreaded over wide BW through multiplication of sequence of pseudorandom bits chips Transmitter side Spread with pseudocode Receiver side despread with same pseudocode More than one user data can be transmitted on the same frequency

Diagram for CDMA basic concept

CDMA basics
Spreading factor=chip rate/user data symbol High spreading factor-greater the ability to recover the given users signal. No. of user increases, inference also increasesconfidence of recover reduces Processing gain : magnitude of spreading factor

WCDMA air interface

Nominal BW-5MHz 4.4 to 5 MHz carrier spacing in steps of 200kHz Spacing-avoid interference Chip rate 3.84x106 cps Speech services -12.2kps Spreading factor - 3.84x106 / 12.2kps=314.75, processing gain = 25dB

Uplink
Supported Uplink spreading factor (sf)= 4,8,16,32,64,128,256. With highest sf 256- the data rate 480kbps UMTS support 2Mbps Support the capability for a given user to transmit upto 6 simultaneous channels. User Data rate >>480kbps, then 6 parallel channels each with sf of 4 is used.

Uplink spreading factors and data rates

downlink
Same sf is available, 512 is also available No. of bits/user symbol differ from uplink. Uplink=1b/us, downlink=2b/us For a given spreading factor, User bit rate in downlink>> uplink. User rate in downlink =2 user rate in uplink Control and traffic channels are multiplexed in air interface. WCDMA supports multiple simultaneous user data channels in downlink so that single user can achieves rate of over 2 Mbps.

Downlink Spreading factor and data rates

Compressed mode
Gaps exist in downlink transmission so that the terminal can take measurements on other frequencies. When compressed mode is used, a reduction will take place in the data rate. Important capability of WCDMA, user data rate do not need to be fixed. Channels are transmitted with a 10ms frame structure.

 It is possible to change the spreading factor on a frame-by-frame basis. Thus, within one frame the user data rate is fixed, but the user data rate can change from frame to frame. This capability, make WCDMA offers BW on demand.

Overview of 3GPP release 1999 network architecture

UE User Equipment
Mobile equipment UMTS subscriber identity module (USIM)
Chip containing subscription-based information + security keys Similar to SIM in GSM

Uu interface-interface b/n UE and network

 Node B =BS in GSM

Connected to a single radio network controller (RNC)=BSC in GSM
Consists of radio resources of node B

RNS-Radio Network Subsystem connect RNC and node B Iub interface = Abis interface in GSM- interface b/n node B and RNC UTRAN interface exist b/n RNCs- Iur
Support inter-RNC mobility, soft handover b/n node Bs connected to different RNCs

 UTRAN-connected to the core network vis Iu interface Iu interface has two different components:
Connection from UTRAN to the circuit switched part of the core network via Iu-CS interface which connects an RNC to a single mobile switching center (MSC)/visitor location register (VLR) Connection from UTRAN to the packet switched part of the core network is termed Iu-PS. Connection is from RNC to an serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN)

 Interfaces in the UTRAN ATM reason

Ability to support a range of different service type (VBR packet based services, CBR ckt swi based services)

GSM/GPRS retained UMTS specification support hard handover from UMTS to GSM and vice versa.
Widespread coverage of UMTS take time to complete, if hole exist in UMTS, UMTS subscriber receive service from GSM coverage. Inter-MSC handover- if UTRAN and GSM BSS are supported by different MSCs, then intersystem handover is achieved

Vendor implementation
Network element to supportGSM/GPRS/EDGE/UMTS
MSC/VLR/HLR/SGSN/GGSN

BS deployed for GSM and UMTS BSC upgraded to act as both GSM BSC and UMTS RNC

Overview of 3GPP release 4 network architecture

Differences core network becomes a distributed network. Distributed switch architecture IP Multimedia Services (IMS) High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) enable more robust data offering in downlink MSC divided MSC server mobility mgmt and call-control logic Media gateway (MGW) switching matrix

 Control signaling for ckt switching calls RNC and MSC server. The media path for Ckt switching call-RNC and MG. MG-calls from RNC and route those calls towards their destination over packet backbone Packet backbone Real time Transport Protocol (RTP) over Internet Protocol (IP)

 Both voice and data can use IP transport within the core network. Single backbone can be constructed to support both types of services Saves capital and operating expenses compared with constructing and operating separate packet and circuit switched backbone network.

Connection to other networks

PSTN MGW is controlled by GMSC server. MGW convert packetized voice to PCM for delivery into PSTN Transcoding is done here. Eg., speech over air interface is carried at 12.2kbps, then voice does not need to be converted upto 64kbps until it reaches MGW that interfaces with PSTN Saving significant BW on the backbone network

 MSC server also support the function of GMSC server. One MGW have the ability to interface both with RAN and PSTN. Calls to or from PSTN can be handled locally. Major saving

 Control protocol between MSC server or GMSC server-ITU H.248 protocol Developed jointly by ITU and IETF MEGACO (Media Gateway Control) Call control protocol MSC server and GMSC server MSC server also support the functions of a GMSC server MGW-ability to interface both with RAN and PSTN

 HLR/HSS (Home Subscriber Station) HLR-use std signaling System 7 (SS7) based interface HSS-use packet based interface

Overview of 3GPP release 5

Introduce all-IP multimedia network architecture Change in overall call model Both voice and data handled largely in same manner Enhance core network-uplink data rate improved- High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) Single Iu Interface for both voice and data No separate media gateway

 New elements: CSCF-call state control function manage estb., maint. and release of multimedia sessions to and from user device Fn of translation and routing Acts like a proxy server/registrar MRF-multimedia resource function MGCF-Media Gateway Control Function T-SGW Transport Signaling Gateway R-SGW-Roaming Signaling Gateway User equipment enhanced UE support Session Initiation protocol UE becomes SIP user agent

 SGSN and GGSN are enhanced versions of the same nodes used in GPRS and UMTS 1999 & 4. MRF: bridging fn used to support features multiparty calling and meet-me conference services T-SGW: SS7 gateway-SS7 interworking with std external networks such as PSTN R-SGW- mobile networks Both exist in same platform