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2 MEIOSIS
the number of chromosomes in daughter cells to HALF of the parent cell It produces HAPLOID gametes Gametes haploid cell (n) contain half genetic material In humans, gametes contain 23 chromosomes @ haploid number of chromosomes (n) Fertilisation fusion of 2 gametes (sperm & ovum) restores the complete number of chromosomes and genetic material diploid zygote (46 chromosomes)
Interphase
The cell replicates its DNA and duplicates its
MEIOSIS I
Prophase I
Metaphase I
Anaphase I
Telophase I
Prophase I
Chromosomes begin to condense shorter, visible,
thicker Homologous chromosomes come together to form a pair of bivalents SYNAPSIS ( 1 paternal, 1 maternal) Non-sister chromatids exchange segments of DNA CROSSING OVER ( occur at any & several locations Results new combinations of genes on a chromosome The points at which segments of chromatids cross over - CHIASMA At the end of prophase I, nucleolus and nuclear
Metaphase I
The spindle fibres pull the tetrads to the MIDDLE of
the cell Pairs of homologous chromosomes align themselves at the metaphase plate (equator) of the cell The homologous chromosomes are lined up side by side as tetrads
Anaphase I
The spindle fibre pulls the homologous
chromosomes apart from one another and move them to the opposite poles of the cell Each chromosome 2 sister chromatids ( a single unit ) At the end of anaphase I, each pole has only 2 chromosomes ( each with 2 sister chromatids )
Telophase I
The chromosomes arrive at the poles
( 1 set of chromosomes ) The spindle fibres disappear Nuclear membrane and nucleolus reappear
MEIOSIS II
Cytokinesis occurs simultaneously with telophase
I, resulting 2 haploid daughter cells The events which take place during meiosis II are IDENTICAL to those of MITOSIS
Prophase II Metaphase II Anaphase II Telopase II
Prophase II
Metaphase II
Anaphase II
Telophase II
Cytokinesis follows and FOUR HAPLOID
DAUGHTER CELLS are formed Each haploid cell contains HALF the number of chromosomes and is GENETICALLY DIFFERENT from the diploid cell These HAPLOID CELLS become GAMETES
Crossing over
Number of cell division Number of daughter cells produced Chromosomal number of daughter cells Genetic content Genetic variation