Nursing Informatics in CANADA

NI in Canada
The
Canadian Nurses Association (CNA) has taken the position that registered nurses and other stakeholders in healthcare delivery require information on nursing practice and its relationship to client outcomes. coordinated system to collect, store and retrieve nursing data in Canada is essential for health human resource planning and to expand knowledge and research on determinants of quality nursing care

NI in Canada
CNA

believes that registered nurses should advocate and lead in implementing the collection, storage and retrieval of nursing data at the national level.

Focus

of NI in Canada is the role of nursing within healthcare organization. In most HC organizations, nurses manage both patient care and patient care units within organization.

NI in Canada
Usually
nurse clinicians manage patient care and nurse managers administer the patient care units within the organization.

Therefore,

for some time, nursings role in the management of information has been considered to include both the information necessary to manage patient care using nursing process and the information necessary for managing patient care units within the organization.

Organizations
A. Canadian Institute for Health Information
An independent, national, not for profit organization, established jointly by federal and provincial/territorial ministers of health. During the decade of its existence CIHI has become an acknowledged and trusted source of quality, reliable and timely aggregated health information for use in understanding and improving the management of the Canadian health systems and the health of the population of Canada.

Organizations
B. Canadian Organization for the Advancement of Computers in Health or COACH

founded in 1975, has actively initiated professional protocols for using computer systems in Canadian health care.

Organizations
C. The Canadian Nursing Informatics Association
In 2001, a new group, the (CNIA) received emerging group status from the CNA and affiliate status in 2003. The CNIA now has full associate status with the CNA. The mission of the CNIA is to be the voice for Nursing Informatics in Canada. Recognizing the importance of the work the CNIA is undertaking, the Canadian Nurses Association has granted associate group status to the CNIA.

The Canadian Nurses Portal Project, NurseONE, E-Nursing Strategy

Launched In 2006 Shortened to NurseONE to address this vision, in the form of a e-nursing strategy. The purpose of the e-nursing strategy is to guide the development of ICT initiatives in nursing to improve nursing practice and client outcomes

OBSTACLES TO EFFECTIVE NURSING MANAGEMENT OF INFORMATION IN CANADA

1. In Canadian health care delivery organizations, like
hospitals and health care agencies in other countries, the major obstacles to more effective nursing management of information are: the sheer volume of information, the lack of access to modern information handling techniques and equipment, and the inadequate information management infrastructure. 2. Antiquated manual information systems and outdated information transfer facilities are information redundant and labor intensive processes, to say nothing of an inappropriate use of an expensive human resource, that is to say nursing time and energy.

OBSTACLES TO EFFECTIVE NURSING MANAGEMENT OF INFORMATION IN CANADA

3. Software and hardware for modern electronic communication networks are only two aspects of an information infrastructure.
The other major aspect is lacking in most hospitals and health services organizations, that is, the absence of appropriate infrastructure to facilitate information management.

CANADIAN INITIATIVES DIRECTED AT THE DEVELOPMENT OF NURSING COMPONENTS OF HEALTH INFORMATION (HI:NC)
In Canada nurses are in the fortunate position of recognizing the need for nursing data elements at the time when the national health infostructure is under development.
To prevent nurses in Canada from losing control of nursing data, nurses must take a proactive stance and mobilize resources to ensure the development and implementation of a national health data base

PowerPlugs: Templates

Nursing Informatics in Europe

NI in Europe
Europe is a continent with over 750 million inhabitants in about 50 countries with many different languages, cultures, social systems and other living condition. Widespread of use of IT in healthcare services is very limited in comparison to other areas of society. The main mission in Europe is to establish a stable infrastructure that improves healthcare quality, facilitates the reduction of errors and delivery of evidenced based and cost effective care.

NI in Europe
The Europe Union (EU) is a driving force of healthcare informatics development by funding projects that are all cross cultural involving healthcare professional users, educators, and administrators, always with three or more countries participating. Telemedicine or telehealth, which is the practice of medicine and nursing over a distance where data and documents are transmitted through telecommunication system, is widely disseminated in parts over Europe.

Nursing Practice in Europe

Association for Common European Nursing Diagnoses Intervention and Outcomes (ACENDIO), which was established in 1995.

The aim of the association is to support the

development of standardized classifications, terminologies, and data sets for sharing and comparing nursing data.

Nursing Informatics in the Pacific Rim

New Zealand

Trends in Healthcare
New Zealand has seen more collaborative approach resulting in integrated care being seen as a priority. Integrated care is being supported by technology. Although New Zealand is a small country, it has a surprising number of health IT companies who are producing software that is being used both locally and internationally, the i-Health.

Trends in Healthcare
New Zealand has been embracing changes in technology. No longer is information restricted to individuals and organizations. Higher speed networks including wireless and broadband are enabling information in a variety of formats to be shared. Exploration into telehealth has occurred in a number of fields including teledermatology, teleradiology, telepsychiatry, and telepediatrics

Trends in Healthcare
Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) and tablets are being used in the clinical setting by students and healthcare professionals. Some Australian nurses are using PDAs for point-of-care information and clinical documentation for community and acute hospital nursing, hospital-based infection control and wound management.

Trends in Healthcare
Funding for the use of the technologies is probably one of the biggest limitations imposed in embracing new technologies to enhance care delivery. Nurses need to be prepared to work alongside and use technology to best care for clients.

Current National Initiatives

The New Zealand Ministry of Health, in 2001, prepared a 5-year broad strategic directive for information and technology developments, referred to as The WAVE Report. The report was produced by means of collaboration among industry, clinicians, government and healthcare managers. The report has also formed the foundations for long-term issues such as EHRs.

Nursing Informatics in ASIA

NI in Asia
1970s- computers were first introduce in Asian Countries. The first applications of information technology in healthcare in Asian countries were in Administration, Billing, and Insurance.Now these countries are moving toward implementing paperless electronic health records.

South Korea

SOUTH KOREA
Comprises of 8 provinces with 7 metropolitan cities. Total population: 47 million in 2002 190, 720- licensed midwives and nurses (81,478 are practicing)

USE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

Year 2000according to report published by Korean Health Industry Development Institute that has hospital information system: 100%- Teaching hospitals 96%- General hospital 75%- Private clinics

All Teaching Hospital and about 40% of General Hospital are using order communication system

Order Communication System

Enable physician to communicate with other departments for practice related requisitions and the retrieval of data. Some hospitals initially used computers mainly for administration and billing, later a patient-care component was added---These system allowed physician to enter medical orders directly into computer and major departments could receive requisitions and enter test results.

Order Communication System

The nurse work list could be viewed on screens or printed so that nurses did not need to copy medication schedules or care activities onto Kardex. They use laptop computers to note and check medication and progress on electronic patients record, and to communicate electronically with other non-healthcare team members.

Japan

Japan
Population: 127 million twice that united kingdom---half that of US Number of hospitals: 10, 000 hospitals Number of nurses: about 750, 000 including 220, 00 nurses aides. 260,000 medial doctors90, 000 dentist230, 000 pharmacist.

Japan
In Japan all citizens can choose healthcare institutions and doctors freely, and their financial contribution to health insurance. The hospitals received reimbursement for the balance from the national health insurance. The Japanese government contribute maximum of 70, 000 yen to the medical treatment of a person over 1 month.

HEALTH INFORMATICS IN JAPAN

1970s- Japan began to pay attention to the use of computers in healthcare. 1980Japan hosted the IMIA (International Medical Informatics Association) conference MEDINFO80. JAMI- Japanese Association of Medical Informatics was also founded during 1980s with the aim of supporting health informatics in Japan.

Standardization

is one of the problems in the use of Healthcare information technology that needs to be resolved.

China

China
According
to the Fifth National Census reported by the National Bureau of Statistics, the population of China was almost 1.3 billion in 2000. population is aging fast, with those 65 years old and older representing 6.96% of the population in 2000 compared to 5.57% in the 1990 census. 5 and 20% of registered nurses in China have baccalaureates and 3-year diplomas, respectively.

The

Only

 The The

NI in China

development of nursing information management systems began in China in late 1970's and they were first used in 1987. first software implementation was a computer-assisted primary nursing care system. development of information management systems for nursing in Chinese traditional medicine began in 1994.

The

NI in China
Some examples include: a nursing information system for the management of nursing staff, nursing operation work, continuing education, scientific research, and finance and economics nursing information systems for nursing records and nursing management based on an army satellite project called the No. 1 Project of PLA; and an Internetbased nursing information management system.

Thailand

Thailand
Thailand has a population of about 65

million living in 76 provinces. There were 92 regional/general hospitals, 707 community hospitals, and 9,559 health centers across Thailand in 2004. The government is currently launching a Universal Healthcare Coverage policy in order to improve the access to and quality of healthcare, as well as to contain healthcare expenditure.

Thailand
The
nThai government is restructuring its healthcare system by placing more emphasis on primary care and health promotion.

The

NI was introduced as small special interest groups and later expanded to the national level through the support of the Nurse's Association of Thailand, the WHO, and the Ministry of Public Health (MOPH).

Taiwan

Taiwan
There
were 610 hospitals and 175,000 healthcare professionals in Taiwan in 2002, serving a population of 22.5 million. healthcare professionals included 34.3% registered nurses and 17.7% licensed practicing nurses.

The

Taiwan
The At
term NI was first used in Taiwan in 1990. that time the focus was on hospital information systems providing nursing data such as personnel information, care planning, and scheduling. Since the 1980's, computers had been used in nursing education.

Taiwan
Although
a formal master's program focusing on NI was not available until 2001.

All

baccalaureate programs included at least one or two computer courses.

Nursing Informatics in South America

Introduction:
Nursing
Informatics in 13 South America countries has been based more on ACTIVITIES of INDIVIDUALS than on a policy established by governments or national efforts. country has varied levels of development and deployment of technological resources.

Each

Introduction:
Technology is visible tendency in 1. Health 2. Nursing Education 3. Nursing Practice 4. Nursing research 5. Administration

The

growth of information technology in Latin America and the Caribbean was been consistently the worlds highest for 20 years. developed parts of the country have better access and ability to implement services and applications in nursing.

Most

Nursing Informatics Initiatives

In South America countries

The

initial motivation to develop computer systems in the healthcare area was driven by financial and administrative concerns. The hospital sector can be considered the area better served by information systems.

Nursing Informatics Initiatives

1. Brazil 2. Mexico 3. Argentina 4. Colombia 5. Paraguay

These countries have clinical information systems in hospital or health institutes.