ECUACIONES DE FLUJO NO

PERMANENTE EN CANALES
ABIERTOS

MIGUEL SANCHEZ D.
Flujo no permanente en canales abiertos
El flujo es unidimensional.
La presin hidrosttica se impone y las
aceleraciones verticales son despreciables.
La curvatura de la lnea corriente es pequeo.
Pendiente del fondo del canal es pequeo.
La ecuacin de Manning se utiliza para
describir los efectos de la resistencia.
El fluido es incompresible.
Ecuacin de Continuidad
dx
x
Q
Q
c
c
+
x
Q
c
c
t
Adx
c
c ) (
Q = inflow to the control volume
q = lateral inflow
Elevation View
Plan View
Rate of change of flow
with distance
Outflow from the C.V.
Change in mass
Reynolds transport theorem
}} }}}
+ =
. . . .
. 0
s c v c
dA V d
dt
d

Ecuacin de Momentum
De la 2da ley Newton:
Net force = Tasa de cambio de Momentum
}} }}}

+ =
. . . .
.
s c v c
dA V V d V
dt
d
F
Sum of forces on
the C.V.
Momentum stored
within the C.V
Momentum flow
across the C. S.
Forces acting on the C.V.
Elevation View
Plan View
F
g
= Gravity force due to
weight of water in the C.V.
F
f
= friction force due to shear
stress along the bottom and
sides of the C.V.
F
e
= contraction/expansion
force due to abrupt changes
in the channel cross-section
F
w
= wind shear force due to
frictional resistance of wind at
the water surface
F
p
= unbalanced pressure
forces due to hydrostatic
forces on the left and right
hand side of the C.V. and
pressure force exerted by
banks
Momentum Equation
}} }}}

+ =
. . . .
.
s c v c
dA V V d V
dt
d
F
Sum of forces on
the C.V.
Momentum stored
within the C.V
Momentum flow
across the C. S.
0 ) (
1 1
2
=
c
c
+
|
|
.
|

\
|
c
c
+
c
c
f o
S S g
x
y
g
A
Q
x A t
Q
A
0 ) ( =
c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
f o
S S g
x
y
g
x
V
V
t
V
0 ) (
1 1
2
=
c
c
+
|
|
.
|

\
|
c
c
+
c
c
f o
S S g
x
y
g
A
Q
x A t
Q
A
Momentum Equation(2)
Local
acceleration
term
Convective
acceleration
term
Pressure
force
term
Gravity
force
term
Friction
force
term
Kinematic Wave
Diffusion Wave
Dynamic Wave
Momentum Equation (3)
f o
S S
x
y
x
V
g
V
t
V
g
= +
c
c

c
c

c
c

1
Steady, uniform flow
Steady, non-uniform flow
Unsteady, non-uniform flow
9
Solving St. Venant equations
Analytical
Solved by integrating partial differential equations
Applicable to only a few special simple cases of kinematic waves
Numerical
Finite difference approximation
Calculations are performed on a
grid placed over the (x,t) plane
Flow and water surface
elevation are obtained for
incremental time and distances
along the channel
x-t plane for finite differences calculations