INTRODUCTION

Employment Discrimination in general refers to harassment. It includes discrimination in hiring, promotion, job assignment, termination and compensation. Discrimination can be on the basis of color, sex, gender, ethnicity, religion, language abilities, citizenship, disability etc. It can either be intentionally or unintentionally.

PROTECTED CATEGORIES
The following type of discrimination are prohibited by law. Color Sex Gender Ethnicity Religion

Language Abilities
Citizenship Disability

EFFECTS OF DICRIMINATION
Markets punish the discriminator A company that discriminates their workers suffers the more. It relates to how much the employers decision was based on prejudice. The employer or customers who opt for efficient workers and discriminates the less effective have to pay more for their services which indeed is a lose for them. If a company discriminates, it typically losses its profitability and market shares to the companies that do not discriminates. Generally theres a view that discrimination to satisfy customers preference can increase profit. This is wrong, it only decreases the profit.

EFFECTS OF DISCRIMINATION IN THE WORKPLACE

Discrimination in the workplace negatively affects the business. Speaking negatively about an employee can be bad for the company. Sending positive signals to employees attracts future potential employees. People who are discriminated involve in worst or bad jobs. Discrimination can also lead to poverty. A poll showed that job satisfaction will be less when employees face discrimination.

GENDER DISCRIMINATION
Even though regulations for equality are used, discrimination still exist. Women do not measure up to men in terms of income and employment rates. Womens salary is only 72% to 88% of mens even when age, education, position are considered. Historically the rate of employment for women is generally low.

UNINTENTIONAL DISCRIMINATION
Unintentional discrimination is not due to prejudice. It occurs when natural selection practices creates disparity among one and the another. Such practices includes standardized tests or height or weight in the hiring process. Some law prohibits unintentional discrimination using standard for deciding what is acceptable. If the disparities is job related or business necessity, then the disparity is irrelevant.

EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION LAWS IN THE UNITED STATES & UNITED KINGDOM

In United States, discrimination is prohibited by a collection of state and federal laws as well as ordinances of countries and municipalities. Federal law of US prohibits discrimination in a number of categories such as recruiting, hiring, promotion, compensation etc. In United kingdom, employment equality law is a body of law which legislates against prejudice-based actions in the workplace. In UK, it is unlawful to discriminate against a person because they have one of the "protected characteristics", which are, age, disability, gender reassignment, marriage and civil partnership, race, religion or belief, sex.

Direct discrimination", which means treating a person less favorably than another who lacks the protected characteristic, is always unjustified and unlawful

CASE STUDY
Sean Reilly, a employee was fired by The Cottonwood Financial because he had bipolar disorder. He was fired soon after he asked for some days off to deal with his bipolar disorder. He was up-front with his disorder even before he was hired. He filed a case in the US District Court for Eastern Washington and US EEOC against The Cottonwood Financial for discrimination which he later won and found that The Cottonwood Financial was guilty of discrimination. The court ordered The Cottonwood Financial to pay Reilly $6,500 as back wages and an additional amount of $50,000 for emotional pain and suffering. The court issued a three year injunction requiring the Cash Store to train its managers on anti-discrimination.

Discrimination is always unlawful and an unjustified act and should not be done in any terms to anyone.