Presented by: MS. EVANGELENE F.

ESQUILLO

What is poverty? How poverty affects education? Can education reduce poverty?.......

Source: CIA World Factbook - Unless otherwise noted, information in this page is accurate as of January 1, 2011

Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Country China India United States Indonesia Brazil Pakistan Bangladesh Nigeria Russia Japan Mexico Philippines Ethiopia Vietnam Egypt Germany Turkey Iran Congo, Democratic Republic of the Thailand

Population 1,336,717,952 1,189,172,864 313,232,032 245,613,040 203,429,776 187,342,720 158,570,528 155,215,568 138,739,888 126,475,664 113,724,224 101,833,936 90,873,736 90,549,392 82,079,632 81,471,832 78,785,552 77,891,216 71,712,864 66,720,152

LITERACY RATE
RANK COUNTRY RATE

92 Venezuela

93 92.9 92.8 92.7 92.6

93 Peru
94 Malta 95 Brunei 96 Philippines

% of pop. Below natl poverty line

RANK COUNTRY PHILIPPINES

53 Tanzania

36

54 Afghanistan 55 Uganda
56 Ukraine 57 Peru 58 Ecuador 59 Philippines

36 35
35 34.8 33.1 32.9

Figure I.43 Population living in poverty (2005 PPP$1.25 a day), Asia and the Pacific, earliest and latest

Poverty Incidence Among Families (%)

Magnitude of Poor Families

Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold (in Pesos) d/

ce

Estimates (%)

Coefficient of Variation

Estimates

1991 a/

2003

2006

200 9

199 200 200 200 200 200 1 3 6 9 3 6 a/

2009

2003

2006

2009

PHILIPPIN ES

5,776

10,9 76

13,3 48

16,8 28.3 20.0 21.1 20.9 41

2.3

2.3

2.1

3,293, 096

3,670, 791

3,855,7 30

NCR

7,508

13,99 7

16,48 7

19,8 02

5.7

2.1

3.4

2.6 12.0 13.1

12.0

48,923

80,828

64,404

Region III

6,757

12,77 1

15,37 4

18,98 1

18.7

9.4

12.0

12.0

8.6

8.4

7.6

169,7 71

228,7 41

244,2 73

Aurora b/,c/

11,27 7

13,53 9

16,76 1

21.1

27.7

19.5

31.8

35.1

53.2

7,91 9

11,25 6

6,17 7

Bataan b/ Bulaca n Nueva Ecija

12,82 1 12,60 7 13,30 5

15,30 2 15,17 0 16,00 2

19,29 6 18,50 2 19,63 3

8.1

7.2

7.4

22.3

27.5

21.4

9,98 6 22,72 2 64,80 8

9,296

10,71 8 28,84 5 112,3 67

4.3

5.1

4.8

19.7

17.1

13.8

28,64 1 94,02 6

17.7

24.8

26.3

14.0

9.3

9.3

Pampa nga

12,71 5

15,37 4

18,71 7

4.9

3.8

6.7

17.8

22.2

16.4

18,98 3

15,74 5

28,58 1

Tarlac

12,20 5
12,63 7

14,71 2
15,30 0

18,26 0
18,69 1

11.6

16.8

15.6

16.7

14.9

15.0

26,73 3
18,62 0

40,49 2
29,28 6

39,99 3
17,59 2

Zamba les

13.4

19.5

13.0

23.3

20.6

18.6

41.9 children lives in low income families 32.7 lives below in national poverty line

Paynes Definition of Poverty

The extent to which an individual does

with out resources. (Payne, A Framework for Poverty, 2001)

Definition
Poverty is the extent to which an individual

does without resources. Financial Emotional Mental Spiritual Physical Support Systems Relationships/Role Models

Resources Include
Financial-often used to define poverty levels, financial

resources does not explain the differences in success with which individuals leave poverty. Emotional-perseverance, persistence, stamina and control of emotions Mental-the ability to process information Spiritual-believing in a divine purpose and guidance

 Physical-having physical health

Support Systems-friends and family Relationships/Role Models-having access to an

appropriate and nurturing adult No significant learning occurs without a significant relationship. Dr. James Comer (1995)

POVERTY
The Census Bureau uses a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine who is in poverty. If a familys total income is less than the familys threshold, then that family and every individual in it is considered in poverty.

POVERTY THRESHOLD Example If a family threshold is Php 24,662 This includes mother ,father, two child and an auntie The earnings : mother= 10,000 father 10,000 auntie 5,000 two child 000 __________________ Total: 25,000
Since their income is greater than their family threshold, this family, does not consider as poor according to the definition. The for a family of 5 is $24,662.

Key points about poverty in the Philippines

3 out of every five individuals under the age of 18 is s living

in poverty 41.9 children lives in low income families 32.7 lives below national poverty line but more than 40% are claiming that they are below poverty line Regardless of race or ethnicity, poor children are more likely than non-poor children to suffer developmental delay and damage to drop out of high school Poverty-prone children are more likely to be in singleparent families. Poverty is caused by interrelated factors: parental employment status and earnings, family structure, and parental education

Generational vs. Situational Poverty

Generational
People living in

poverty for at least 2 generations

Situational Lack of resources due to a particular event I.e., death, chronic illness, divorce.

CAUSES OF POVERTY
Unemployment
Population growth

Corruption
Disability

Effects of Poverty on Children

Physical Health problems
Cognitive Ability School Achievement

Emotional & Behavioral Outcomes

Teen Out-of-wedlock Childbearing

Effects of Poverty on Children

Before entering kindergarten, the average cognitive scores of children from high SES (socioeconomic status) is 60% higher than children from low SES At age 4, children in poverty are 18 months below what is normal for their age group (cognitive levels) Children from middle-income, well-educated families know about 12,000 words in 3rd grade. Children in poverty know about 4,000 words.

Consequences of Poverty on Children

Lack of background knowledge/academic experiences
Fluid & Crystallized intelligence Vocabulary Lack of self-confidence as a result of maltreatment High Correlation between poverty and academic

success Students from low economic status had much higher failing rates, 63 to 85 percent higher

Many individuals do not realize there is a way out of poverty. Education is the only way to break the poverty cycle Poverty affects the ability of children to take full advantage of educational opportunities

What this means at school or work

An education is the key to getting out of poverty. People

leave poverty for one of four reasons: A goal or vision of something they want to be or have A situation so painful that anything would be better A person who sponsors them and shows them a different way A talent or ability Being poor is rarely about a lack of intelligence or ability. Many stay in poverty because they dont know they have a choice or that no one teaches them or provides resources to leave.

HOW CAN EDUCATION REDUCE POVERTY

DEVELOPED

COUNTRIES; USA, UK, JAPAN, GERMANY ETC. Almost 100% literacy. High quality of education. RESEARCH STUDIES John Vaizy: After standardising for race, sex, ability and other characteristics, it has been shown that the higher the level of education a group has, the higher its earning power would be.

CONTRIBUTION OF EDUCATION TO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

DEVELOPMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL SKILL
QUANTITY &QUALITY OF OCCUPATIONAL SKILL OF NATIONAL OUTPUT IS THROUGH LABOUR DEVELOPMENT OF THE PEOPLE LEVEL OF INITIATIVE AND INVENTIVENESS

ENTREPRENEURS, ADMINISTRATORS AND TECHNICIANS PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION PURPOSE TO EARN A LIVING AND TO ENJOY THE FRUITS OF LIVING

LEADERS,

THROUGH EDUCATION
It can stimulate economic growth through increased

productivity(skilledlabor, technical and managerial innovations It can make strong human capital base (secondary, tertiary and lifelong learning) National innovation system (training of graduates and contribution to knowledge generation,adaptation and dissemination THUS REDUCING POVERTY

The purpose of education is to prepare people for a changing economy. Competitiveness 21st Century Skills Globalization Workforce Readiness Innovation

st 21

Century Skills

Information and communication skills Thinking and problem-solving Interpersonal and self-direction skills Global awareness Financial, economic and business literacy, and developing entrepreneurial skills to enhance workplace productivity and career options Civic literacy

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