ISOMETRIC PROJECTIONS AND ISOMETRIC DRAWING

Introduction Orthographic view shows only two dimensions in any particular view. This makes it difficult to interpret them and only technically trained person can interpret the meaning of these orthographic views. A non-technical person Can not imagine the shape of the object from orthographic projections. Whereas, pictorial projections can be easily

understood even by persons Without any technical

training because such views show all the three Dimensions Of an object in the same view.

But pictorial view does not show the true shape

and size of any principal surface of An object and it does not show the hidden portions. Pictorial projections are easy to imagine so these are used in sales literature.

 Principle of Projection :

If straight lines are drawn from various points of an object to meet a plane then it is said that object is Projected on that plane.
These straight lines from the object to the

plane are called projectors.

The figure formed by joining the points at

which the projectors meet the plane is called

Projection of that object.

Types of Projection: I) Orthographic Projection II) Pictorial Projection

Pictorial Projection : The projection in which the length , height And depth are shown in one view is called Pictorial Projection.
Types of Pictorial Projection: I) Axonometric II) Oblique III) Perspective

Axonometric Projection: When projection is obtained on plane inclined to

all the three principal planes, then It is called

Axonometric projection.

Types of Axonometric projection:

Isometric Dimetric Trimetric

Isometric Projection :

The projection is obtained on a plane which is

equally inclined to all the three principal planes.

Isometric Projections and Isometric drawings are

represented on the plane paper or sheet by drawing isometric axes, isometric lines and isometric planes.

When a cube is kept in particular position then it gives isometric axes, isometric lines and isometric planes. Particular position : When cube is resting on H.P. on corner G and diagonal EC is Perpendicular to V.P.
B A D

E C F 30o M G H

30o
N Base Line

Isometric Axes : The three lines CB,CD and CG meeting at the point C and making angle of 120 degree with each other are called isometric axes. Isometric lines: The lines parallel to isometric axes are called

isometric lines.
Isometric planes: The planes represented by faces of cube are called

isometric planes.
Similarly any planes parallel to these planes are also called isometric planes.

Isometric drawing or isometric view: The pictorial view drawn with true scale is called Isometric drawing or isometric view. Isometric projection: The pictorial view drawn with the use of isometric scale is called Isometric projection.

F.V.

L.H.S.V.

T.V.

Aim:- Figure-1, shows the F.V. & T.V. of a simple vertical rectangular plane of size LH. Draw its isometric view, for (a) R.H.S.V. & (b) L.H.S.V. b a

d a d

L F.V. T.V. Figure-1

c b c

MN, is the base line for isometric axes. PQ, is the isometric axis (vertical) for Fig.1(a) PR, is the isometric axis ( horizontal),for R.H.S.V. for Fig.1(a) at 30 with base line MN. Q A Note:- The diagonal line R ac in ortho. View B increases in its iso. View D (Fig.1-a), as AC (known L as, non isometric line) C X N M Figure-1(a) P H

MN, is the base line for isometric axes. PQ, is the isometric axis (vertical) for Fig.1(b) PS, is the isometric axis ( horizontal),for L.H.S.V. for Fig.1(b) at 30 with base line MN. Q

Note:- The diagonal line ac in ortho. View decreases in its iso. View (Fig. 1-b), as AC (known as, non isometric line)
M P

B
A

S C
L X Figure-1(b)

H
D

Figure shows the Top View of a rectangular plane of 100 x 70. Draw its isometric view i) for R.H.S.V & ii) for L.H.S.V.

d 100

T.V.

A
D

B C

30

30

ISOMETRIC VIEW OF THE HORIZONTAL RECTANGULAR PLANE (100 X 70) for its R.H.S.V.

B A D C

30

30

ISOMETRIC VIEW OF THE HORIZONTAL RECTANGULAR PLANE (100 X 70) for its L.H.S.V.

c M1 C2 d C3

N2

M2 C4 N1

b C1

ISOMETRIC VIEW OF SIMPLE PLANES

Aim:-Figure shows the F.V.of a cut geometric plane.Draw its Isometric view . (i)For R.H.S.V. & (ii)For L.H.S.V. ? b c a

30

F.V.

Darken the required arc FD with center C2

30

? 30

L B C D F C3 E C4
(i)

-: Solution :AB=a b ED=EF=R Now, only the Quadrant of a circle

C2

C1

(L.H.S. upward), is to be drawn using Four center method.

30

c d

30

L ? A 30 F G B

30

(ii)

Aim:-Figure shows the T.V. of a cut geometric plane. Draw its Isometric, (i)For R.H.S.V. & (ii) For L.H.S.V.
b

f
30 j a i k L h 45 L2 g

45 L1

T.V.

BC=bc= ?

ED=EF=R

f
30

j
45 L1

i
45

AK=ak=L1 GH=gh=L2 Draw, J I // AG ( at a distance of D1 )

L T.V.

L2

30 45 J M K

Note :- (1) MJ=KM=D1, as angle jka=45 (2) Angle JKA & Angle IHG are not 45 in C isometric. D
E I 45 G

H
(i)

F 30

BC=bc= ?

30

j
45 L1

i k L T.V. h
45 L2

AK=ak=L1 f Draw, J I // AG ( at a distance of D1 )

g

Note :E

D
C B

(1) MJ=KM=D1, as angle jka=45 (2) Angle JKA & F Angle IHG are I 45 G not 45 in isometric. H

30 J 45 A 30

(ii)

C2 F.V. C1 C1 T.V.

C2

4 e

3 c d 3 4 e c 3 d 4 e b a 1

1 a

b 2

a
1

C2 C4

C3 c

M1
C2 d C3 N2 b C1

T.V.

M2 C4 N1 a

F.V.

a e 90 s e

b d d g

c r

Draw the Iso.View of a regular Pentagonal plane of 40mm sides, with one side normal to V.P. & the plane is in H.P.

R D C G E B Q

a p

q S

2D

3D

O
60
X

a
e 40

g b d e d

Draw the Iso.View of a Pentagonal Pyramid, having base sides 40mm, axis 60mm Y long,when its base is in H.P.with a side of it normal to V.P. O

O g
a b

c D

R
C

2D

S
E

G
B A

60 Q

3D

Aim:- Figure shows the orthographic projections of a cut simple block. Draw its appropriate Pictorial ( Isometric ) view, giving the dimensions.

NOTE: The appropriate Isometric will be,considering its R.H.S.V. ( which is not given & is to be added as a missed view).

A 55

B 55 R.H.S.V.

c 60 F.V.

Normally, dotted lines are not drawn in Iso. View, unless specifically required to reveal the object perfectly.

30
20 1 3 15 15 2 55 T.V.

Figure

15

20

1
55
15 20

ISOMETRIC VIEW

40

a b 30 c
60

2
35

F.V.

20

15

1 3
15

2
55

3 c B

T.V.

15

d
X

NOTE:- IN R.H.S.MISSED VIEW, THE AREAS, A & B ARE SEEN AND IS DRAWN IN ITS CORROSPONDING SPACE

20

Figure shows Front View and Top View of a machine parts. Sketch its isometric view & dimension it.

SQ.HOLE OF 20 R25

C A

30

20

F.V.
a
b2

c
b1 70 20

T.V.

SQ.HOLE OF 20
a C

ISOMETRIC VIEW

c B

30 b1
D

b2

Aim:- Figure shows the F.V. & T.V. of a machine component.

Figure
Draw its pictorial (ISOMETRIC)

F.V.
30

20

view, giving
the

dimensions. 120
40

T.V.

Note 1:- The machine component is splitted into four different parts, for its iso. sketching, with bottom base part as first drawn. Note 2:-The circularity or part of that of Ortho.View, is to be drawn in Iso view as an ellipse or part of that using four center method,as explained earlier. Note 3:- Such components may be drawn in iso., by area (plane)wise w.r.t F.V, T.V & S.V directions. Never prefer box method for such components.

Split-II

Solution
See, Note 2

Split-III

Split-IV

ISOMETRIC VIEW
See, Note 2

Split-I

20

ISOMETRIC SCALE (To be used for isometric projections)

70

60
50 40

30
20 10 -5 -10 B 30 60

0
20

P 40

Q 45

90 BASE LINE

III. A

The Front View of the Top Face of a Cube having edges e (with one of the body diagonal line, normal to V.P. ) is to be treated D as ISOMETRIC of the Top Face of the Cube d (with a side parallel to V.P.) 45 30 m C All the edges Top face A c a M edges, base face edges and 4 vertical edges of the cube are reduced in b its isometric view, in ad= f (AD) the stated condition.

Cos 30 = am/ad ----- (1) Cos 45 = am/AD ----- (2)

From (1) & (2)

am = ad cos30 = AD cos45
D d A a 30 45 m M b

i.e. ad = AD cos45/cos 30 e x 1/ 2 = 3/2

C c

i.e. ad = AD x 2/3
i.e. ISOMETRIC LENGTH = (0.815 x ACTUAL LENGTH)

ad= f (AD)

Aim:- Sketch shows the Orthographic views of a machine component. Draw its appropriate Isometric view, using

splitting the object into pieces

techniques. Give the dimensions on the ISOMETRIC VIEW drawn.

20

90 50

R40

Sketch

40 T.V.

30

F.V.

R.H.S.V. (missed view) may be added here in height & depth range

Dimensions must be given on the Isometric view, which are not shown here.

10

50

30

30 70

R15
20

80x80 square

20

Exercise
Figure shows the Orthographic views of a machine component. Draw its Isometric view. Give the dimensions as per aligned system.

30
c

R30
25

60
15

20

40 b a 40 80 10

35

15
A 120 FRONT VIEW

L.H.S.V.

FIGURE
NOTE:- The front view areas are A & B, while the side view areas are a, b & c.

60

Solution

30
R30 60

c
35 15

20

10

ISOMETRIC VIEW

F.V.

L.H.S.V.

c1

34 60

25

L= 60 mm H= 25 mm D= 34 mm

BY : Akshay J. Darji