Department of Social Work

Central University of Rajasthan

Women Movement in Indian Context

Jitendra Saini 2012MSW006

Table of Content

Introduction Men and Women in the Movements Movements Womens in Movement and Politics History Women related Laws & Acts Conclusion Bibliography

Introduction

Promises and guarantees made during the pre independence era and during the writing of the constitution remained unfulfilled. Policies for women were formulated but the implementation was not effective More priority to economic/infrastructural group, then on social indicators. The problem of discrimination lay be yond the law and the state. Post independence women were part of other strong movements in the country Telangana, Naxalbari, Bhoodanand Sarvodaya, Sampoorna Kranti; which lead to politicization Sampoorna Kranti; which lead to politicization of women and raised issues central to their lives.

Men and Women in the Movements

Raja Ram Mohan Roy ( Sati ), Mahatma Gandhi, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedker, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar( widow remarriage ), Keshav Chandra Sen, Jyotiba and Savitribai Phule, Gopal Ganesh Agarkar, Mahadev Govind Ranade, Maharshi Karve(Educating girls), Sarla Devi, Sarojini Naidu, Begum Rokeya, Annie Besant, Vijaylaxmi Pandit, Raj Kumari Amrit Kaur

Movements

Socio-Religious Reform Movements Womens Organizations started by men National Womens Organizations Reform of Personal Laws Women in the National Movement Women in the labour movement First Phase of Womens Movement The Womens Movement: 1970s to the Present

Womens in Movement and Politics

Pre Independence Post Independence

Women key part of social reform movement Participated in freedom struggle Joined political parties and part of the non cooperative movement and rallies Women as part of the Indian National Army Women as part of other armed revolutions

Women as Prime Minister, Speaker of both the houses, chief ministerial post and President of the country. Role of women in PRI 33% reservation for women in parliament and state legislative bodies.

History
In India several reformers like Raja Ram Mohan Ray, Swami Dayananda Saraswati and others strongly advocated the need for emancipation of women in India by the elimination of such evil system as Sati, child marriage and prohibiting widow remarriage. They also created a movement in favor of woman education and making them capable of playing a dual role in both social development and the struggle for freedom.

History

Women leaders like Annie Besant, Sarojini Naidu, Vijaylaxmi Pandit, Raj Kumari Amrit Kaur and others did a yeoman service towards securing some improvement in conditions of woman in India. They fought for equal fundamental rights, political rights, socio-legal status of equal opportunity for development under the Constitution of India. Fundamental duties laid down under article 51 A calls upon All the citizens to renounce the practices derogatory to the dignity of woman.

History

Since early 1950s, several programmes have been in operation for securing the objective of women development establishment of Working women hostel, the programme of support and training cum employment, Production centers, Training programme for women, The scheme for condensed courses of education and vocational training for adult women, The establishment of Mahila Mandals, Indira Mahila Kendras, self- help groups and organizations The Mahila Samriddhi Yojana, Indira Mahila Yojana, Balika Samriddhi Yojana and others.

Women related Laws & Acts

Protection to women by enacting several women welfare laws

Intervention of the National Women Commission

Special Marriage Act, 1954, The Hindu Marriage Act 1955, The Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act 1956, the Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act, 1956, Suppression of Immoral Traffic Act,1956 and The Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961.

Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971, The Equal Remuneration Act, 1976, The Child Marriage Restraint Act, 1978, The Criminal Law Amendment Act, 1984.

Women related Laws & Acts

Domestic Violence Act-2005 Divorce Laws Right to Property PCPNDT Act-1994

Conclusion
Before came existence the laws and movements womens condition was not good. But after the different-2 movements its change or secure the women in society.

Bibliography

Menon, Nivedita. 2000. Elusive woman: Feminism and Womens Reservation Bill. Economic and Political Weekly, 28 October, pp. 38353844. Rai, Shirin M. and Kumud Sharma. 2000. Democratizing the Indian Parliament: The reservations for women debate. In Shirin Rai (ed.), International Perspectives on Gender and Democratisation. MacMillan, Basingstoke. Raman, Vasanthi. 1995. Womens reservation and democratisation: An alternative perspective. Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 34, No. 5, 11 December, pp. 3494 3497. Rabinarayan Pani lives at HIG-26, Kalinga Vihar, Bhubaneswar 751019. Human Rights, Gender and Environment

Thanking You