Integrated Housing Development Program in Addis Ababa

Prepared by: Collective Planning Team Masters in Urban Planning and Development, 19/3/2012 of two.

Moderated by Prof. Dr.Eng.A.Ashine Module MUDP 511 November 2013

MUPD

Better a Hut on the Ground than a castle in the air..Baker and Smets, 1999

Presentation outline
Global Housing Status Right to Adequate Housing Overview of Housing Conditions in Addis Ababa Housing Intervention Integrated Housing Development Program Objectives Distinctive Character of the project Five Year Goals:(2009/10 -2014/15) Organizational Structure Construction Methodology Construction Management System Quality control Land and Infrastructure provision Design MSE Development City Governments Achievements so far Sale (Transfer) Modalities Challenges City Governments Strategies to Overcome the Challenge Houses And Physical Infrastructures Under Construction

 The world is experiencing a global housing crisis. About 1.6 billion people live in substandard housing and 100 million are homeless, according to United Nations statistics. These people are increasingly urban residents, and every week more than a million people are born in, or move to, cities in the developing world. Today, a billion people32 percent of the global urban populationlive in urban slums. If no serious action is taken, the United Nations reports that the number of slum dwellers worldwide will increase over the next 30 years to nearly 2 billion.

1. Global Housing Status

2. Right to Adequate Housing

The need for adequate housing is described in various International Human Rights Instruments, such as
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Article 25) International covenant on civil and political rights International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (Article 11) Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women (Article 14) Declaration on the Right to Development (Article 8) Istanbul Declaration and the Habitat Agenda Declaration on Cities and other Human Settlements Copenhagen Declaration on Social Development

 Legal Recognition and Obligations inherent in Housing Rights do not imply the following: That the State is required to build housing for the entire population; That housing is to be provided free of charge by the State to all who request it; That the State must necessarily fulfill all aspects of this Right immediately upon assuming duties to do so;

(cont...)
That the State should exclusively entrust either itself or the unregulated market to ensuring this Right to all; That the right will manifest itself in precisely the same manner in all circumstances or locations HOWEVER! The state has to endure to facilitate access to housing resources A claim/demand can be made upon society for provision of or access to housing resources State to undertake policy and legislative measures recognizing constituent aspects of the right

(Contd)
Any attempt to improve housing conditions must rely on an enabling approach that encourages Governments. to establish the supportive legislation, constitutional and financial frameworks; these in turn will enable: the formal and informal business sectors, NGOs, communities and individual households to contribute effectively to shelter development.

(Contd)
Under International Law the following entitlements comprising Housing Rights are vested in every person. Legal Security of Tenure Availability of Services, Materials and Infrastructure Affordable Housing Habitable Housing Accessible Housing Location Culturally Adequate Housing

Addis Ababa: The capital city of Ethiopia and Africa. Founded in 1886. Has ten sub-cities and 116 woredas. Located at 9148N 384424E Coordinates. Average altitude of 2500 meters above see level Total area: 526.99 sq. km. Population size: 3.1 million. Population density: about 5,882persons per sq. Km. Built up area of the city 169.02 sq. Km. Road coverage compared with built up area is 10.34%. Total roads length reached 2,814 km of which 54.5% is gravel surfaced and 45.5% is asphalt surfaced.

3. Addis Ababa; A Brief Introduction

4. Overview of Housing Conditions in Addis Ababa

Housing Universally accepted as the second essential human need, next to food and water.
Ethiopias Promise
Cities Without Slum by 2020 (Millennium Development Goal). Reduction of poverty by 50% up to 2015 (internationally agreed millennium Development Goals). Large Scale housing programs creating employment, increase purchasing power and activate the economy.

But, the existing condition indicates that:

Over 380,000 housing backlog (54.3% of countrys total). Congested slums right in the city center (above 60%). Dilapidated public owned houses. Poor standard of living. High level of unemployment (25%). Informal settlement (about 100,000).

Current Housing Scenario In Addis Ababa

5. Housing Intervention
Real Estate Development Cooperatives, Individuals (Formal) Development, Low Cost Housing (Government intervention)

6. Integrated Housing Development Program

Started in 2004 by constructing 750 houses in the pilot project. Aim: Provision of decent cost efficient housing. The program have been integrated with: Employment generation (through MSE development, TVET integration). Regeneration of the slum area. Capacity building (skill and knowledge transfer). Physical and social infrastructure development. And so on.

7. Objectives
Long Term Objective: Improve the standard of living of the city Residents through the creation of employment opportunities and the provision of decent affordable housing

 Specific Objectives
Promotion of Micro and Small Enterprises (MSE), which can absorb more labor force and operate as a lower overhead cost. Promotion of cost efficient and time saving construction technology. Strengthen the construction industry and improve the vocational training systems (TVET). Change the image of the city through regeneration (urban renewal and upgrading) the slum areas.

8. Distinctive Character of the Project

Standardized and modular, Labor intensive, Cost efficient and time saving construction Technology, Skill development and specialization in the construction sector, Densification and vertical growth, Large-scale development intervention, Environmentally friendly, Functional and social mixed

9. Five Year Goals:(2009/10 -2014/15)

To Construct about 250,000 Housing units, To create up to 70,000 employment opportunities yearly, Expand and develop up to 2,000 micro and Small Enterprises (MSE), Reduce slum areas by 50% over the next five years.

10. Organizational Structure

Housing Development Project Office
Audit Support Process Research, planning & Budget Support process Communication Affairs support process Legal support process

Purchase, Finance & Administration Support process

Construction &supervision Design Sub process Sub process

Housing Transfer & Administration Sub proces

11. Construction Methodology

Using cost and time saving Construction method Pre Cast element, Slab HCB, U-HCB Agro stone technology
(free of cement dependency)

12. Construction Management System

Fixed Cost Time contracts Sub contracting, Grade 6 and above contractors, MSE (block building, sanitary, electrical etc In house contract administration (Project Office at city level and at sub city level)

13. Quality control

Close supervising (in house and external

quality control)
At the construction Sites. At the production centers. At the source of raw materials.

14. Land and Infrastructure Provision

Land identification, as a rule in the inner city (based on the structural plan). Surveying and soil testing. Compensation and site clearing. Basic infrastructure provision (access road, electric power, water supply).

15. Design
Mixed typology and function. Studio, one bed rm., two bed rm. Etc. Ground floor mainly commercial. Vertical growth and densification.
(G+2,G+3,G+4,) and (G+7, G+11, G+12) for inner city. (Density 175 h. h/ha. -300 h. h/ha.) Modular Design. Consider traditional aspects (communal buildings).

Infrastructure Provisions at individual Condominium and Block Level

Water supply Sanitation systems Electricity Open space/total lots Parking areas Access to community facilities and daily needs Urban design or Landscaping aspects

16. MSE Development

Promote the involvement of MSE. On different construction activities. On building material production. 1,094 MSEs engaged since 2009/10. 48,000 employment created in the production of materials & various construction activities in 2009/2010 (Skilled, semi skilled, & daily laborers) Recently, more than 91,000 employment has been created.

17. City Governments Achievements so far

Completed & under construction of 80,234 housing units Out of which, Studio 12,898 (16%) One Bed Room 31,807 (40%) Two Bed Room 22,928 (28%) Three Bed Room 7,006 (9%) Commercial 5,695(7%) Transferred Housing Units 70,828 Ready to Transfer 9,407

18. Sale (Transfer) Modalities

Transfer to beneficiaries through lottery system drawn in fair and transparent way. 10% to 20% down payment. Rent and own with in 15 to 20 years. Apply condominium law Price in Birr per meter sq:
Studio= 1,450 One bed room= 1,865 Two bed room= 2,280 Three bed room= 2,385

19. Challenges
Housing Finance. Scarcity of open land in the inner city. Shortage on supply of construction materials. Infrastructure problem (Water, sewage system). Affordability. Relocation and its associated problems. Problems in the location, design and quality of construction.

20. City Governments Strategies to Overcome

the Challenge
Commitment of the city government. Identify and exploit underutilized spaces. Demolish shanty area and renew the inner city Encourage construction material production. Looking for alternative means of infrastructure provision, (disintegrated sewer system, use of locally available materials.) Cross subsidize low income households. Encourage and promote saving culture.

21. Houses And Physical Infrastructure Under

Construction Housing: completion stage:
Phase 0ne 20,330 Phase two 17,171

Recently began: 42,829 Will be commenced after couple of months: 35,000 Totally 115,330

Physical Infrastructure
155 km sewage disposal line. 19 km asphalt road.

Achievements so far

Achievements so far

Achievements so far

Achievements so far

Achievements so far

Achievements so far

Achievements so far 1,556 MSES registered out of which 954 MSES

engaged

Achievements so far 1,556 MSES registered out of which 954 MSES

engaged

The Way Forward..

Despite the efforts of the Government, Housing Access for all remains a daunting task to be accomplished. Provision of Condominium housing is a viable way of meeting the housing shortage. However the magnitude of the problem is mammoth. The need is also to explore alternative tools and self help methodologies as adopted in other developing countries so as to mitigate the gap. Provision of adequate Housing for all must be achievable through appropriate interventions.

Thank you