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The butler had a motive to kill The butlers fingerprints were found in the crime scene Therefore, he is guilty of the crime.

LANGUAGE and ITS FUNCTION

PRELIMINARIES

Language follows from mans inherent rationality.

Language is a verbal form of our thoughts, and as such it is our vehicle or tool of communication. Language is a set of symbols by which things, ideas, and thoughts or feelings are communicated to others.

GENERAL FEATURES OF LANGUAGE

SPOKEN LANGUAGE -makes of sound patterns SOUND PATTERN is the lingusitically accepted sound whereby an idea, thought can be verbalized WRITTEN LANGUAGE Makes use of visual (physical) patterns

VISUAL PATTERN-is the liguistically accepted way of writing a word or term

Different societies and men use different sound and visual patterns which consequently have given rise to the formation of many languages all over the world.

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LANGUAGE

4 Elements of Language

1. A is a word, name, or phrase that is used to signify something. 2. is that which is symbolized or denoted.

3. is the meaning or signification existing between the symbol and the referent. 4. The symbol. refers to the individual who uses the

TAKE NOTE!!!

Inasmuch as language is a human invention, it follows that symbols and words are conventional. There is no necessary or natural connection between symbols (words) and their referents.

Three Sciences of Language

1. PRAGMATICS is a linguistic science which deals with the origin, derivation, and root word of symbols or terms. E.g. philosophy (wisdom) democracy (power) philos (love) + sophia

demos (peope) +

kratus

2. SEMANTICS treats of the formal relations between symbols and their meanings.

Three Sciences of Language

3. Syntactics deals with the formal relations between symbols as specified in the rules of grammar. The present tense is is is.

FUNCTIONS OF LANGUAGE

1. INFORMATIVE FUNCTION is one in which language is used to convey some information. (It takes the declarative form) Ninoy Aquino was assasinated on August 21, 1983.

FUNCTIONS OF LANGUAGE

2. PRACTICAL FUNCTION is one which language is used to produce some effects. It usually takes the form of imperative statements, like orders, appeals, pleas, requests, commands. Please open the door. door. Submit now your seatwork paper. One will open the

You will pass your

FUNCTIONS OF LANGUAGE

3. Expressive function is one which language is used not only to express certain feelings of the speaker (writer) but also to evoke some emotional response from the listener (reader).

Oh, the house is burning!

(emotion)

This is the saddest poem I have written

FUNCTIONS OF LANGUAGE

4. PERFORMATIVE FUNCTION is one in which language is used not only to say or report something but also to perform what is being said. I LOVE YOU VERY MUCH! I promise pay you tomorrow.

I will be your friend.

FUNCTIONS OF LANGUAGE

5. CEREMONIAL FUNCTION is one which language is used to enhance social discourse, relationships, or social amenities. Good Morning! How are you?

I would like you to meet my one and only wife.

FUNCTIONS OF LANGUAGE

6. Logical Function is one which language is used to reason, analyze, and clarify a problem or an argument. If a person is one place, he cannot be in another place at the same time. PRINCIPLE OF IDENTITY PRINCIPLE OF CONTRADICTION

FUNCTIONS OF LANGUAGE

7. Complex function is the combination or mixture of two or more functions of language.

For example, when your host, after entertaining you for several hours, asks What time is it now?, it is clear that he already wants you to leave. The question implies informative and practical, or even expressive, functions as when one says Oh no, its already twelve midnight!

EXERCISES

1. Nikka Bianca is a BEED student. 2. Rhea Cuenca is a dedicated nursing student. 3. Please, close the door behind you. 4. Ouch! Ive hurt my hand. 5. I love you very much. 6. I shall return. 7. Good Morning! 8. Hello Sandra, how lovely you look this morning. 9. If an individual is parasitic, he is not self-reliant. Since Mario is self-reliant, he is, therefore, not parasitic. 10. Revolt! You have nothing to lose but your chains.

1. Mr. Brown, Mr. Green, and Mr. Black were dining together. One wore a black necktie, one a green necktie, and the other one a brown neck tie. Have you noticed, said the man with green tie, although our ties have colors that match our names, not one of us wears a tie that matches his own name. By golly, youre right, exclaimed Mr. Brown. What tie color was each man wearing?
Black tie Mr. Brown Mr. Green Mr. Black Green tie Brown tie

2. Four couples and their children went on a picnic one weekend. The women were Lani, Cynthia, Mariem and Med, and their husbands were Rey, Del, Rommel and Willie though not necessarily in the correct pairings. Two of the couples have a son, the other a daughter and one couple is childless. Del named his son after him. Lani, who is Cythias sister-in-law, got married only last month. Mariem is the best friend of Willies wife. The little girl is Meds daughter. Rommel is the husband of the woman without a child. If Reys son is the nephew of Rommels wife, determine who is the wife of whom.
REY DEL ROMMEL WILLIE

LANI

CYNTHIA

MARIEM

MED

3. The family of Mr. and Mrs. Reyes lives in Baguio. One Sunday morning when we visited them, we found out that each member of the family was doing one particular house chore. The chores were cooking, sweeping the floor, husking the floor, cleaning the room, washing the glass windows, washing the dishes. One of the children was playing. The children of Mr. and Mrs. Reyes are Esther, Anne, Martha, Rose, Ric, Ruben, and Ramon. Determine what each of the children was doing when we arrived. a. Ramon the youngest child is only two years old. b. Rose is a pianist and is not allowed to wet her hands if not necessary. c. Esther is busy in the kitchen. d. Ric is using a rug and soap. e. One of the three boys is husking the floor. f. Anne does not know how to cook. g. Martha is in one of the bedrooms. h. Rose did the least tiring work. i. Anne is in charge of the dishes.

4. Jhoan, Madel, Emmanor, and Lizza attended a birthday party. Each wore a white, blue, red, and yellow dress. The birthday celebrant received a chocolate, picture frame, bag, and stuff toy from above mentioned visitors. From the facts below, identify the gifts each girl gave and the color of the dress they wore in the party.

The one who gave the chocolate arrived together with Jhoan and Lizza. The girl wearing a white dress sat beside Emmanor. The celebrant received the stuff toy from the girl wearing the yellow dress. Lizza, who gave the bag, wore her favorite blue dress. The girl wearing the red dress did not give the chocolate. The girl who gave the stuff toy did not know Emmanor.

5. Kate has finished covering her books for this semester. Her books are Physics, Computer, Logic, and Mathematics. Each of her book was covered with one particular color: pink, cream, lavender, and maroon. The book in her most difficult subject was covered pink. None of her book was covered with the same first letter of the subject and first letter of its covers color. Physics and the maroon books were the very first two books she covered. Computer book was covered in lavender. What is the most difficult subject for Kate?
PINK CREAM LAVENDER MAROON

PHYSICS COMPUTER LOGIC MATHEMATIC S