CHAPTER 4

SOLAR POWER
GTU WEIGHTAGE:- 14 MARKS

Missamraza , Hiren, Yogesh

Mechanical Dept.

LJ Polytechnic

Solar Power
Where Does the Solar Energy Come From?
Solar energy is the energy

that is coming from the sun. It can be collected by human through photovoltaics and heat engines. Solar Power, along with wind, hydroelectric, wave, biomass account for most of the renewable energy source available to use
Missamraza , Hiren, Yogesh Mechanical Dept. LJ Polytechnic

Solar Power
solar rays

Missamraza , Hiren, Yogesh

Mechanical Dept.

LJ Polytechnic

SOLAR RADIATIONS
EFFECT OF ATMOSPHERE ON SOLAR RADIATIONS
When solar radiations enters earth atmosphere they are subjected to various process due to contents of earths atmosphere like moisture, gases, co2, and suspended particles. The effects listed are as follows:1. 2. 3. 4. Absorption Reflection Scattering Refractions

Missamraza , Hiren, Yogesh

Mechanical Dept.

LJ Polytechnic

SOLAR RADIATIONS
EFFECT OF ATMOSPHERE ON SOLAR RADIATIONS
1. Absorption
As solar radiation passes through atmosphere, the short wavelength are absorbed by ozone gas and long wavelength are absorbed by carbon dioxide and water vapor present in earths atmosphere. These process reduce the spectral width

Missamraza , Hiren, Yogesh

Mechanical Dept.

LJ Polytechnic

SOLAR RADIATIONS
EFFECT OF ATMOSPHERE ON SOLAR RADIATIONS
2. Reflection
Atmosphere contains suspended particles which may be shining. When radiation falls on these they gets reflected back in atmosphere resulting in reduced in intensity of radiation falling on earths surface

Missamraza , Hiren, Yogesh

Mechanical Dept.

LJ Polytechnic

SOLAR RADIATIONS
EFFECT OF ATMOSPHERE ON SOLAR RADIATIONS
3.. Scattering when solar radiation strikes on suspended particles it gets diffused or scattered.
These effect decrease intensity of radiation reaching earths surface These reaches earths surface as diffused radiations.

Missamraza , Hiren, Yogesh

Mechanical Dept.

LJ Polytechnic

SOLAR RADIATIONS
EFFECT OF ATMOSPHERE ON SOLAR RADIATIONS
4. Refraction
When light moves from one material to another with a slower speed of light, the light is refracted toward the normal. When light passes from one material into another with a faster speed of light, the light is refracted away from the normal Earths atmosphere have higher density above the level of atmosphere, so as radiation travels the abgle of incidence and directions gets changed.
Mechanical Dept. LJ Polytechnic

Missamraza , Hiren, Yogesh

SOLAR RADIATIONS
EFFECT OF ATMOSPHERE ON SOLAR RADIATIONS

Missamraza , Hiren, Yogesh

Mechanical Dept.

LJ Polytechnic

SOLAR RADIATIONS
TYPES OF SOLAR RADIATIONS

Missamraza , Hiren, Yogesh

Mechanical Dept.

LJ Polytechnic

SOLAR RADIATIONS
TYPES OF SOLAR RADIATIONS
Solar radiations are classified as follows: Beam radiations or Direct radiations

Diffused radiations
Total radiations

Missamraza , Hiren, Yogesh

Mechanical Dept.

LJ Polytechnic

PHOTOVOLTAICS
CONCEPT
Photovoltaics is the direct conversion of light into electricity at the atomic level. A photovoltaic cell(PV) is a device that converts sun light into direct current through photoelectric effect. Individual PV cells are electricity-producing devices that are made of semiconductor materials. The photoelectric effect is first noted by French physicist Edmund Bequerel in 1839. The first PV cell was constructed by Charles Fritts in 1880. The first major usage of PV cell is on the Vanguard I satellite in 1958. The increase in oil price, and the increase in production brought the price of photovoltaic cell down.
Missamraza , Hiren, Yogesh Mechanical Dept. LJ Polytechnic

PHOTO VOLTAIC CELL

PRINCIPLE
Photovoltaics is the direct conversion of light into electricity at the atomic level. In general, photovoltaic modules and arrays produce DC electricity. The most commonly used photovoltaic device is in a single junction or interface. A multijunction device is a stack of single junction cells together serving as the collector.

Missamraza , Hiren, Yogesh

Mechanical Dept.

LJ Polytechnic

PHOTO VOLTAIC CELL

PRINCIPLE

n-type semiconductor + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Depletion Zone p-type semiconductor

Missamraza , Hiren, Yogesh

Mechanical Dept.

LJ Polytechnic

SOLAR CELL
CONSTRUCTION

Missamraza , Hiren, Yogesh

Mechanical Dept.

LJ Polytechnic

SOLAR CELL
WORKING
Semiconductors allow current to flow through them, but are orders of magnitude less conducting than conductors. Pure silicon acts as an insulator, but by doping the silicon with phosphorus, an element with five valence electrons, an n-type semiconductor is created. Valence electrons are farthest from the nucleus of the atom.

Missamraza , Hiren, Yogesh

Mechanical Dept.

LJ Polytechnic

SOLAR CELL
WORKING
Because silicon has four valence electrons, phosphorous provides additional electrons to the silicon crystal lattice so that there are more electrons in an n-type semiconductor than there are places for them to fit into the lattice. These extra electrons will carry electric current and thus are called the majority carriers of n-type semiconductors..

Missamraza , Hiren, Yogesh

Mechanical Dept.

LJ Polytechnic

PHOTOVOLTAICS
CONCEPT
Photovoltaics is the direct conversion of light into electricity at the atomic level. A photovoltaic cell(PV) is a device that converts sun light into direct current through photoelectric effect. Individual PV cells are electricity-producing devices that are made of semiconductor materials. The photoelectric effect is first noted by French physicist Edmund Bequerel in 1839. The first PV cell was constructed by Charles Fritts in 1880. The first major usage of PV cell is on the Vanguard I satellite in 1958. The increase in oil price, and the increase in production brought the price of photovoltaic cell down.
Missamraza Mechanical Dept. LJ Polytechnic

Missamraza , Hiren, Yogesh

Mechanical Dept.

LJ Polytechnic