CHAPTER 3

WIND POWER
GTU WEIGHTAGE:- 14 MARKS

Missamraza , Hiren, Yogesh

Mechanical Dept.

LJ Polytechnic

Wind Power
Where Does the Wind Come From?
The wind is a by-product of solar energy. Approximately 2% of the sun's energy reaching the earth is converted into wind energy. The surface of the earth heats and cools unevenly, creating atmospheric pressure zones that make air flow from high- to lowpressure areas.

Missamraza , Hiren, Yogesh

Mechanical Dept.

LJ Polytechnic

Wind Power
Equation Of Wind Power
The amount of power available in the wind is determined by the equation: w = 1/2 r A v3 w is power, r is air density, A is the rotor area, and v is the wind speed. This equation states that the power is equal to one-half, times the air density, times the rotor area, times the cube of the wind speed. Air density varies according to elevation, temperature and weather fronts

Missamraza , Hiren, Yogesh

Mechanical Dept.

LJ Polytechnic

Wind Turbines
Defination
rotary engine in which the kinetic energy of a moving fluid is converted into mechanical energy by causing a bladed rotor to rotate. Wind rotates the turbine blades:1. spins a shaft connected to a generator 2. The spinning of the shaft in the generator makes electricity

Missamraza , Hiren, Yogesh

Mechanical Dept.

LJ Polytechnic

Wind Turbines
Classification
There are two types of wind turbines

1. Horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT)

2. Vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT)

Missamraza , Hiren, Yogesh

Mechanical Dept.

LJ Polytechnic

Horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT)

Introduction
This is the most common wind turbine design.

In addition to being parallel to the ground, the axis of blade rotation is parallel to the wind flow.
Some machines are designed to operate in an upwind mode, with the blades upwind of the tower. In this case, a tail vane is usually used to keep the blades facing into the wind. Other designs operate in a downwind mode so that the wind passes the tower before striking the blades.

Missamraza

Mechanical Dept.

LJ Polytechnic

Horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT)

Types
1. A. B. C. ACCORDING TO NUMBER OF BLADES MONOBLADE TWINE BLADE TRIPLE BLADE

2. ACCORDING TO POWER OUTPUT A.SMALL CAPACITY- 10-50KW; ROTOR DIA. 1-16METERS B.MEDIUM CAPACITY: 50-500KW; ROTOR DIA. 16-50METER C.LARGE CAPACITY: 500-1000KW; ROTOR DIA 50-130METER

Missamraza

Mechanical Dept.

LJ Polytechnic

Horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT)

MONOBLADE TWINE BLADE TRIPLE BLADE

Missamraza

Mechanical Dept.

LJ Polytechnic

Horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT)

TYPES

3. LIFT AND DRAG TYPE HAWT

Missamraza

Mechanical Dept.

LJ Polytechnic

Horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT)

TYPES
4. ACCORDING TO UPWIND AND

DOWN WIND TURBINES A. TURBINE WHICH FACE WIND STREAM ARE CALLED UP WIND TURBINE B. B. TURBINE WHICH RECIEVES WIND FROM REAR SIDE ARE DOWN WIND TURBINE

Missamraza

Mechanical Dept.

LJ Polytechnic

Vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT)

Types
There are two types of VAWT

1. Savonius Wind Turbines

2. Darrieus Wind Turbines

Missamraza , Hiren, Yogesh

Mechanical Dept.

LJ Polytechnic

Vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT)

1. Savonius Wind Turbines
The Savonius turbine is Sshaped if viewed from above. This drag-type VAWT turns relatively slowly, but yields a high torque. It is useful for grinding grain, pumping water, and many other tasks, but its slow rotational speeds make it unsuitable for generating electricity on a large-scale.
Missamraza , Hiren, Yogesh Mechanical Dept. LJ Polytechnic

Vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT)

1. Savonius Wind Turbines Introduction to Digital System

Missamraza , Hiren, Yogesh

Mechanical Dept.

LJ Polytechnic

Vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT)

1. Darrieus Wind Turbines Introduction to Digital System
The Darrieus turbine is the most famous vertical axis wind turbine. It is characterized by its Cshaped rotor blades which give it its eggbeater appearance. It is normally built with two or three blades.

Missamraza , Hiren, Yogesh

Mechanical Dept.

LJ Polytechnic

Vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT)

1. Darrieus Wind Turbines Introduction to Digital System

Missamraza , Hiren, Yogesh

Mechanical Dept.

LJ Polytechnic

Horizontal axis wind turbine (VAWT)

Construction

Missamraza , Hiren, Yogesh

Mechanical Dept.

LJ Polytechnic

Horizontal axis wind turbine (VAWT)

Construction (Parts)

Missamraza

Mechanical Dept.

LJ Polytechnic

Horizontal axis wind turbine (VAWT)

Working of different Parts
Rotor- The hub and the blades together are referred to as the rotor. Wind turns the blades which turn the drive shaft. Shaft- Two different shafts turn the generator. One is used for low speeds while another is used in high speeds. Gear Box- Gears connect the high and low speed shafts and increase the rotational speeds from about 10-60 rotations per minute to about 1200-1800 rpm, the rotational speed required by most generators to produce power.

Missamraza

Mechanical Dept.

LJ Polytechnic

Horizontal axis wind turbine (VAWT)

Working of different Parts
Generator- The generator is what converts the turning motion of a
wind turbine's blades into electricity. Inside this component, coils of wire are rotated in a magnetic field to produce electricity. Different generator designs produce either alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC), and they are available in a large range of output power ratings. The generator's rating, or size, is dependent on the length of the wind turbine's blades because more energy is captured by longer blades. Controller- Turns the blades on at 8-16 mph and shuts them down around 65 to prevent any high wind damage. Tower- Tall tubular metal shaft. The taller the tower, the more power produced.
Missamraza Mechanical Dept. LJ Polytechnic

Missamraza

Mechanical Dept.

LJ Polytechnic