This

project

entitled

ROTATING

MACHINES

IN

BOILERS is framed on the needs of boiler auxiliaries for a

power plant.

A boiler is defined as a closed vessel in which steam is produced from water by the combustion of fuel.

Here the discussions are made on major components of

rotating machines in boilers. It includes maintenance of

boilers in power plant.

The following parts come under major rotating machines in boilers :

Coal Fans Air

mills

pre-heater

Coal mill is a machine in which the 20mm size of coal from the coal feeder is grounded into fine powder. Coal mill contains four pipes surrounding a center one. Through the center pipe coal enters the mill and fine coal powder is taken to the furnace through surrounding pipes. Ungrounded particles of coal come out through the Bottom Reject Gate (BRG).

The main functions of fans are: To supply to the furnace the required quantity of air for complete combustion of fuel. To remove the gaseous products of combustion from the furnace and throw these through chimney or stack to atmosphere.

Primary air fan Forced draft fan Induced draft fan Seal air fan Scanner air fan

The main purpose of the primary air fan is to supply primary air to carry the pulverized fuel from the mill and to discharge into the furnace. It is a radial type. Primary air fan sucks the air from atmosphere pressurizes it and sends it to coal mill through primary air preheater which heats up this pressurized air.

The main purpose of this fan is to supply adequate amount of air to the furnace for maximum combustion. It is an axial type fan. The air supplied by the PAF is not sufficient for combustion process. The additional air required is supplied using FD fans.

The main purpose of this fan is to suck the flue gases from the furnace and send it to the atmosphere through chimney and maintain furnace draft. It is an axial entry and radial discharge type. It also maintains the pressure inside the furnace.

The main purpose of this fan is to supply seal air to mills to avoid contamination of gear box oil and bearings by coal entry. It is a centrifugal type fan.

The furnace consists of scanners to sense the flame. The main purpose of this fan is to supply air cleaning and cooling the flame scanners.

Air pre-heater is a general term to describe any device designed for heating air before any other process (here combustion in the boiler). The purpose of air pre-heater is to recover the heat from the flue gases exiting the boiler and transferring it to air being supplied for combustion of fuel in the boiler, thus increasing the efficiency of the boiler, and reducing useful heat loss from flue gas in the form of radiation Thus the gases are sent to chimney at a lower temperature, hence meeting the emission regulations.

20% of Total heat transfer in the boiler by APH. Decrease in boiler efficiency due to poor performance of APH 1% decrease in efficiency due to 20 oC rise in flue gas temperature. 1% improvement in boiler efficiency for each 22 oC rise in the combustion air temperature. The total fuel saving due to pre heating combustion air may be 5 to 10 %. Air heaters also make pulverized coal firing practical by drying and providing transport medium.

Fans are helpful in the regulation of pressure inside the boiler. Fans are also used in providing excess air for complete combustion. Air pre-heaters are responsible for the increase of boiler efficiency. Air pre-heaters are employed for waste heat recovery. Coal mills are used for crushing the coal into fine powder i.e. pulverization. Therefore rotating machines namely air pre-heater, fans and coal mills are necessary for the generation of steam efficiently

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