Rohingya

The victims of Ethnic Cleansing

Mohammed Rafique Rohingya Community Ireland

Rohingya
a Muslim minority from Arakan, Burma (Myanmar) Culturally and Linguistically distinct ethnic group Natively found in Arakan for hundreds of years Honoured by Arakanese kings by keeping Muslim names (Solaiman Shah [143034AD] to Salim Shah [1622-37AD])

Recognition of Rohingya

 Mentioned as 'Natives of Arakan' in

1799, 5th Volume of 'A Comparative Vocabulary of Some of the language Spoken in the Burma Empire'

1811, 4th Volume of 'The Classical Journal'

 Described as 'Nationality of Burma'

1961, 12th Volume of the most respected Journal of Democratic Republic of Burma 'Tatmadaw (Military) Journal'

Assured as 'Equal'
U Nu, The first Prime Minister of Burma said Majority of People from Maungdaw and Buthidaung of Arakan are Rohingya Muslims
U Ba Swe, The Second Prime Minister of Burma said Rohingya are a race of Burma and are equal as others

Declared 'Rohingya Identity'

In 1961 Burmese Broadcasting Service (BBS) as Rohingya Language Programme

Participated and Nominated in various 'National Elections' from 1936 to 2010

Some important Rohingya in Burmese history: U Pho Khaine and U Gani Markan as Burmese administrators after Burma separated from India in 1936 U Abdul Gaffar and U Sultan Ahmed in The General Election of Constituent Assembly just before Independence in 1947 Daw Aye Nyunt (Zura Begum) as one of first two womanparliamentarian in Burmese history during 1951 election

U Sultan Ahmed was the minister of Education and Health in 1960

U Shwe Maung and U Aung Zaw Win are seated in House of Representatives after 2010 General Election

Ethnic Cleansing
"The planned deliberate removal from a specific territory, persons of a particular ethnic group, by force or intimidation, in order to render that area ethnically homogenous."The United Nations, 1993

Process of Being Statelessness

1942 - Rohingya Massacre led by Rakhine Monk, U Seinda 1948 - Another Rohingya Massacre led by Kyaw Oo (Burma Territorial Force) 1964 - Dictator Ne Win put North Arakan under Sittwe administration 1965 - Rohingya Language Programme was canceled 1967/68 - Ngazinka Operation 1974 - Arakan was renamed to Rakhine state 1978 - Dragon King (Naga Min) Operation 1982 - Citizenship Law 1991 - Operation Clean Nation 1994 - Stopped issuing Birth Certificates 2001 - Sittwe Riots against Rohingya 2005 - Two Child Policy for Rohingya 2009 - North Arakan Border Fencing 2011 - Reaffirmation of Policies on Rohingya in the new Parliament 2012 - Start of the Ongoing Ethnic Cleansing

1982 Citizenship Law

Drafted by Dictator Ne Win Condemned widely Restricts: Freedom of movement Freedom of education Freedom of Religion Marriage Healthcare Public services Encourages: Forced Labour Land Confiscation Arbitrary Taxation Arbitrary Arrest Killing Rape Hatred Violence

Behind the Curtain

Ne Win
Carried a coup in 1962 Renamed Arakan to Rakhine state Canceled Rohingya Language Programme Carried a number of operations on Rohingya which killed thousands, forced hundreds of thousands to Bangladesh, destroyed villiages and mosques, confiscated lands Introduced the Citizenship Law

Aye Kyaw
A closed friend of Ne Win and helped in drafting the Citizenship Law From Rakhine ethnicity

Aye Chan
Manipulated Rohingya history by writing a number of books An extremely xenophobic Rakhine historian

Than Shwe
Came to power after 1988 students uprising Became Chairman of State Law and Order Restoration Council until 2011 Launched 'Operation Clean Nation' in 1991 forcing over 250,000 Rohingya to Bangladesh Introduced 'Two Child Policy' in 2005

Aye Maung
Heads Arakan state and Rakhine National Development Party An extremely racist, sets Rohingya Ethnic cleansing programme since 2012

Wirathu
The Face of Buddhist Terror Leads '969 Neo-Nazi Organization'
incite hatred lead terrorism against Rohingya and Muslims kill Muslims burn Mosques and Muslim houses boycot business with Muslims oppose interfaith negotiation block humanitarian supports demand deportation of all Rohingya

Thein Sein
The President of Burma A former military general Asked UN to resettle all Rohingya to a third country Continues '1982 Citizenship Law' Defends 'Two Child Policy' Allows the government forces in the ethnic cleansing Allows Anti-Rohingya and Anti-Muslim widely Not fully allows Humanitarian supports to Rohingya Not taken action against the perpetrators

The Ongoing Ethnic Cleansing

 Started on June 8, 2012, five days after the massacre of 10 Burmese Muslims in Southern Arakan Preceded with various propagandas circulating Anti-Rohingya hatred leaflets, hacking of several Rohingya websites and relocating of hundreds of bias journalists into Arakan An unverified rape of Rakhine girl by Rohingya was used to initiate the ethnic cleansing Placed immediate Curfew for Rohingya and State of Emergency by the government

The Organized Crime

has caused

Hundreds of people killed Hundreds of Mosques torched down Thousands of houses burnt Thousands displaced in dire places Thousands of shops and properties looted Thousands forced into the sea resulting in drowning Thousands of youths and educated elders abducted Thousands of children and women starved

The Crime
Has left Closure of education for Rohingya Closure of Rohingya business Closure of mosques to perform prayers Further restriction of movement Further gang raping of Rohingya girls and women Further restriction of healthcare, food and water More vulnerability of further attacks and discriminations

The Crime
Spead to other Muslim communities in Arakan Spread outside of Arakan to Burmese Muslim in central, south and north of Burma

The Seasons Behind

A complex picture of

Religious

Political Social
Racial Extremist

Economical

Violations of Child Rights

UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989)

1. Survival rights - The right to life and to the most basic needs (food, shelter and access to healthcare) 2. Developmental rights - To achieve full potiental - education, play, freedom of thought, conscience and religion 3. Protection rights - Against all forms of abuse, exploitation and discrimination 4. Participation rights - To take an active role in their communications and nations

Violations of Women's Rights

Two-Child Policy Rape Sexual slavery Arrest Healthcare

'Rape, sexual slavery, enforced prostitution, forced pregnancy, enforced sterilization, or any other form of sexual violence of comparable gravity. as Crimes against Humanity. The Rome Statute, Article (1)(g)

Violations of Men's Rights

Murder Extermination Enslavement Imprisonment Torture Apartheid Destruction or Confiscation of Property Business Restriction to support family Arbitrary Taxation

Thing that ended is not necessarily ended!

As human beings

As endangered People

As Friends

Pressuring the Government Bringing the perpetrators to justice Bringing Human rights Restoring the identity Building a long-term solution Saving from hunger, shelter, illness

Thank You