Optimal Power Allocation and AP Deployment in Green Wireless Cooperative Communications

Xiaoxia Zhang x79zhang@bbcr.uwaterloo.ca Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo

Outline

Introduction

System Model
Power Allocation for a Single-User Link AP Deployment

Conclusions and Future Work

Introduction

Global Emission of CO2 in 2011

- Increased by 3% - Reaching an all-time high of 34 billion tonnes

Figure 1. Global Emission of CO2 in 2011 3

Sustainable Energy

Eco-friendly renewable energy: solar, wind, tide, etc.

Occupied 16.7 % of global energy in 2011

Figure 2. Renewable Energy Share of Global Final Energy Consumption, 2011.

Green Technology in Wireless Communications

In wireless communications
- Up to 90% of power consumption in BSs - Energy cost is high and increasing

Green wireless networks: network devices powered by sustainable energy

- Example: Huawei

Solar-powered base stations deployed over 1500 sites in over 30 countries and regions
o o

Operation cost reduced over 60% Carbon footprints reduced over 40%
Figure 3. A Green Base Station
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Motivation

Characteristics of Sustainable Energy - Variable or intermittent in its capacity - Highly dependent on the location and weather Fulfillment of users QoS demand is challenging. - Introduction of cooperative communication

- More efficient green wireless network

o o

Device deployment Resource allocation

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Objective

In a WLAN network where green APs are deployed, we would like to maximize the overall throughput by jointly allocating transmitting power and deploying the green APs, subject to the harvested energy constraint.

Outline

Introduction

System Model
Power Allocation for a Single-User Link AP Deployment

Conclusions and Future Work

System Model

A wireless local area network (WLAN) where a green AP is deployed. Nodes could communicate with each other in an ad hoc manner. Transmission links are separated by TDMA. AP can cooperate with the source nodes to transmit data to the destination.
Figure 4. A green wireless cooperative communication network.

n links in total.

System Model

During each transmission period, only one source-destination pair (si,di) exists. AP

The AP functions as a relay node.

- Two relaying protocols:
need extra resources

Amplify-and-Forward
Decode-and-Forward

Easy to implement
Coding cost

Noise cannot be eliminated

Noise free

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Achievable Rate for Single-User Relay Channel

Information theoretic achievable rate

relay decoding rate

destination decoding rate

AWGN channel with path loss

path loss exponent constant and identical for all links

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Achievable Rate for Single-User Relay Channel

Noise variances received at the relay and at the destination are the same value. Joint superposition encoding/decoding to maximize cooperation between source and relay. Generation of two codes. relay decoding rate destination decoding rate

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Problem Formulation

Objective: maximize overall throughput under instant available power constraint.

Links are scheduled by TDMA

Power allocation on one link does not affect other links

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Outline

Introduction

System Model
Power Allocation for a Single-User Link AP Deployment

Conclusions and Future Work

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Power Allocation for a Single-User Link

Objective: jointly determine the achievable rate. , and to maximize

Note: optimum is achieved when

destination decoding rate = relay decoding rate

relay decoding rate

destination decoding rate

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Synchronous Case
Destination decoding rate is the bottleneck. Increase
and reduce to balance.

Coherent transmission.
Optimal power allocation is:

Largest achievable rate is:

relay decoding rate

destination decoding rate
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Asynchronous Case
Relay decoding rate is the bottleneck. Source will set
and .

Independent transmission.
Optimal power allocation is:

Largest achievable rate is:

relay decoding rate

destination decoding rate
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Outline

Introduction

System Model
Power Allocation for a Single-User Link AP Deployment

Conclusions and Future Work

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AP Deployment
Optimal power allocation and maximum rate depends on
the location of AP.
Direct transmission without help of relay can achieve highest rate.

Relay closer to the source Synchronous case achieves higher rate

Relay closer to the destination Asynchronous case achieves higher rate

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Optimal AP Deployment for a Single Link

Two local maximum
Let , the two possible relay positions to maximize the throughput is the solutions to the following two equations:

,
,

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Optimal AP Deployment
Sustainable energy can only be exploited in some
specific locations due to the availability and neighboring environment.

Several candidate AP locations are considered. The optimal location can be decided based on the
overall throughput which is calculated by

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Simulation Results
Synchronous

Asynchronous

Figure 5. Rate comparison of three power allocation schemes when 22

and

Simulation Results

Figure 6. Achievable rate of a single user link with different AP locations. 23

Simulation Results
100m100m area 30 candidate locations

Figure 7. The overall throughput by our proposed AP deployment metric and random deployment method.

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Outline

Introduction

System Model
Power Allocation for a Single-User Link AP Deployment

Conclusions and Future Work

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Conclusions and Future Work

In this paper, a single-user channel achievable rate

maximization problem is formulated and the optimal power allocation scheme is derived.

A throughput upper bound of each single-user channel is attained and the optimal AP deployment is provided.
In the future, we will consider the dynamic charging and discharging buffer in the AP.

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Thanks!

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