Paint Technology

Paint School

Composition of paints
Paints

Binder
Natural Resin Drying oil Coal Tar Nitrocellulose Synthetic Resin Alkyd CR Epoxy Polyester Polyurethane Silicate Vinyl
Paint School

Pigments
Colouring

Solvents
Hydro carbons

Additives
Wetting agent

Extender
Inhibitive pigm. Cathodically protective Biocides

Ketones
Esters Ethers Alcohols Water

Anti-settling
Drier Anti-skinner Plasticiser

What is a binder ?
A binder is a fluid or a solution that forms a film during drying or curing. Drying/curing takes place by: A. Solvent/water evaporate (physically drying). B. Solvent evaporation and a chemical reaction takes place during the drying process. (chemically / curing).
Paint School

The properties of a paint will be decided by the binder

Three generic type of binders are applied to test panels: Alkyd, Epoxy and Polyurethane Exposed to sunlight, water chemicals Different properties are demonstrated. Important to select the correct type of paint for the purpose
Paint School

Paint technology / What is paint2

Curing mechanism of binders

Oxidising Alkyd Physically drying Chlorinated rubber Vinyl Acrylic Asphalt Tar
Paint School

Chemically curing Epoxy Polyurethane Polyester Silicate

Curing (drying) through oxidation

Solvents evaporating

Oxygen enter. Reaction starts:

Polymer molecules linked together through chemical bonds

Paint School

Physical drying. Solvent borne paints

Solvents evaporating

Polymer molecules are packing:

Polymer molecules stick together (no chemical bonds):

Paint School

Curing mechanism of two -pack paints

Solvents evaporating

= Polymer

= Curing agent (hardener)

Polymer & hardener molecules reacted to form a new chemical substance:

Paint School

Chemical Curing
The solvents evaporate Component A and
Component B molecules moves towards each other They link together through a chemical reaction A three dimensional network is formed which give the solid paint film
Paint technology: Curing_good1

Paint School

Insufficient mixing of two-pack paints

A dark base makes it easy to see when the mixing is complete Insufficient mixing will give too many molecules in one place and too few in another Proper curing will not take place This will result in reduced protective properties of the paint system
Paint School

Paint technology: Mixing wrong2

Addition of thinner
Evaporation rate and solubility of a thinner will influence a paints: Drying time Film-forming properties Quality of the film

Most paints are ready to be applied as

supplied by the manufacturer. Never add an unspecified thinner to a paint, it may lead to disastrous results
Paint School

Addition of wrong type of thinner

A clear binder is poured into the
beaker Wrong type of thinner is added This will change the properties of the paint film The binder separates The binder will no longer be clear: Difficult to see through The same experiment is carried out with correct thinner: Good result
Paint technology: Thinner_wrong1

Paint School

Corrosion protection by paints

For corrosion prevention with paints, three main principles are employed:

Barrier effect Inhibitor effect Galvanic effect

Paint School

Corrosion protection by paints. The barrier effect

When paint is applied to a structure a barrier is created between the substrate material and the surrounding environment A thick paint film will give a better barrier than a thin film The barrier effect can be further improved by adding flake formed pigments to the paint.
Paint School

Paint technology/ Paint barrier effect1

Corrosion protection by paints.

The Inhibition effect

The inhibition type of paints is not an inert paint film as the barrier coatings The paints contain chemicals or inhibitors The inhibitors react with moisture and the steel and forms a passive layer close to the steel substrate. The layer passivates the steel and thereby reduce the corrosion rate.
Paint School

Paint technology/ Paint inhibition effect1

A paint system may be compared to a house

First: The basement - Primer coat

Second: One or several stories - Midcoats

Finally: The roof - Top coat

Paint School

They all have a special function In the house In the paint system

Primers
Primers are universal for most anticorrosive coating systems and are considered the most important component of the system. The most important properties of primers are listed as follows: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Adhesion (strong bonding to substrate). Cohesion (high internal strength in the film). Inertness (strong resistance to corrosion and chemicals). Intercoat bond (high bonding to intermediate coat). Appropriate flexibility.

Paint School

Intermediate or Body coats

The principal purposes of an intermediate coat is to provide: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Thickness for total coating. Strong chemical resistance. Resistance to moisture vapour transfer. Increase electrical resistance for the coating system. Strong cohesion. Strong bonding to primer and topcoat.

Paint School

Topcoats
Topcoats also perform several important functions as they: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Provide a resistant seal for the coating system. Form the initial barrier towards the environment. Provide resistance towards chemicals, water, and weather. Provide a tough and wear-resistant surface. Provide a pleasing appearance.

Paint School

What film-thickness should corrosion protecting paint systems have ?

Deciding factor is the environment:
In a dry inland atmosphere and indoor 120 microns will be sufficient. In an aggressive industrial environment and along the coast and at sea, 250 - 300 microns will be necessary.

Number of coats is also of importance and not only the film thickness
100 microns in 2 coats (50 + 50 microns) are giving better protection than 100 microns in 1 coat. Special coatings may be applied in thick coats.
Paint School

What factors may influence on the drying process ?

Relative humidity, % R.H. Ventilation Temperature Film thickness Number of coats Evaporation rate of the solvents

Paint School

Surrounding temperature and steel temperature

Is the temperature of importance ? YES !

The surrounding temperature will influence: shelf life pot life viscosity / sprayability steel temperature The steel temperature will influence: curing speed degree of curing re-coating interval lifetime of the paint film
Paint School

Manufacturing a Paint

Paint production is a complex production process Here, we have simplified the process by showing some of the most important steps.

Paint technology / What is paint1

Paint School