Austins Speech Act Theory

Austin on speech act e.g : pass

theory illustrates that 1. "pass" in a game of the word contains a bridge variety of meanings 2. "pass" is used by the depending on the participants in the context and situation of discussion, lecture, or usage. seminar

Speech Acts-Putri, Gita, Ayu

Direct Speech Acts & Indirect Speech Acts

A lot of pragmatic "speech acts" means double. In

"speech acts" there are significant direct and indirect. E.g :

I dont know what to say direct speech act Do you sell postage stamps ? indirect speech act
Speech Acts-Putri, Gita, Ayu

Types of Sentences and the Direct "Speech Act" and Indirect "Speech Act"
States of form :
1. news sentence 2. orders/imperative

States of function :
1. statement expression 2. request/order

sentence 3. question/interrogative sentence

expression 3. expression for information

Speech Acts-Putri, Gita, Ayu

Speech Act in Real Life

Language speech act strongly influenced by the

language and cultural background of the speaker. E.g :

Can you give me the salt, please ? -> NNS Can you pass the salt, please ? -> NS
Speech Acts-Putri, Gita, Ayu

Another examples
Bryan
Mike NNS NS

: I just wanna ask your pass : Thank you

: Thank you very much : Dont mention it

Speech Acts-Putri, Gita, Ayu

 On Oct 19, 2010, at 7:56 AM, Diemroh Ihsan wrote :

Dear Scott, I wanted to order your book via College

Bookstore but it was not available yet. Could I buy your book ? I would like to return your books tomorrow, Wednesday at 12.30. Thanks. Diem

Speech Acts-Putri, Gita, Ayu

 On Tue, 20/12/10, Scott Jarvis > wrote :

Dear Diem, Most college bookstores dont carry a very wide selection of

academic books unlessthose books are required textbooks in a particular course, but my book has been available at venues such as Amazon.com for nearly three years. I would be happy to give you the copy of my book that you now have as a gift, but I do need the Bachman book back as a resource for my language testing course. Ill look forward to seeing you tomorrow at 12.30. Best regards Scott Speech Acts-Putri, Gita, Ayu

From some examples of the above cases, can conclude:

(a) communicate in English as a Lingua Franca (EFL)

NNS need to understand at least 3 things: literal meaning of the words, the meaning of an expression pragmatics, and especially the meaning of certain idioms that are commonly used in daily life, (b) pragmatics of speech acts is a special phenomenon that challenges proving that the relationship is directly or indirectly between form and function of language, (c) may not be debated that a question or statement phrase has only one possible interpretation alone.
Speech Acts-Putri, Gita, Ayu

5 categories of speech act (Searle, 1969)

1. Representative: the speaker is determined to declare

his belief in something with a variety of ways

e.g : believe, conclude, deny

2. Directives : speaker trying to make the listener do

something.
e.g : command, insist, challenge

3. Commissive : speaker intends in some ways to do

something
e.g : promise, guarantee, swear

Speech Acts-Putri, Gita, Ayu

 4. Expressive : speaker expressed his attitude towards

certain situations e.g : deplore, congratulate, welcome 5. Declarations : speaker change something to make an inquiry. e.g : resign, declare

Speech Acts-Putri, Gita, Ayu

Speech Acts-Putri, Gita, Ayu

Textual Aspects of Lexical Competence

Example: the depressing feature of

Example:
You get all of this in a

Allen's documents is the picture which emerges of smart but stupid military planners, the equivalent of America's madder fundamentalists, happily playing the fool with the future of the planet. Smart but stupid ( lexical relation)
Speech Acts-Putri, Gita, Ayu

choice of ten attractive colours. Plus black.

Attractive colours and

black. (lexical relation)

Vocabulary and the organising of text

Vocabulary

Closed Systems

Discourse Systems

Open Systems

Grammar Words Function Words Empty Words

Lexical Words Content Words Full Words

Speech Acts-Putri, Gita, Ayu

Closed and Open Systems of Vocabulary

Closed Systems
1. Grammar Words

Open Systems

2. Function Words
3. Empty Words

(open-ended, creative) 1. Lexical Words 2. Content Words 3. Full Words

Speech Acts-Putri, Gita, Ayu

Example 3.9:
Here I want to spend time examining this issue. First, I propose to look briefly at the history of interest in the problem, then spend some time on its origins and magnitude before turning to an assessment of the present situation and approaches to its solution. Finally, I want to have a short peek at possible future prospects. DISCOURSE-ORGANIZING WORDS issueproblemassessmentsolution

Speech Acts-Putri, Gita, Ayu

Winter (1978)
General set of discourse-organising words:
Achieve, addition, alike, atribute, basis, case, cause, change Compare, conclude, confirm, consequence, contrast, differ, distinction Instrumental, justification, kind, lead to Manner, matter, mean, reason, replace, respect, method, point, problem. Result, same, similar, situation, state, thing, time, truth, way.
Speech Acts-Putri, Gita, Ayu

Knowledge or issue

problem

Assessment or method

result or solution

Signalling larger textual patterns

Signaling words are often used by writers to indicate problem and solution.

Pattern 1- problem solution pattern

Example : 3.14
Problem Solution in the past, the search for but Dr Campbell and his other worlds has been colleagues got round this hampered by two factors problem by using highresolution specto-scopy

Speech Acts-Putri, Gita, Ayu

Pattern 2- solution then the pattern

Example: 3.13
Headline

TV violence: no simple solution (solution) Opening sentence There is no doubt that one of the major concerns of both viewers and broadcasters Closing sentence the chief lesson of all our viewing......... there is no simple solution to the problem of violence on television (problem)

Speech Acts-Putri, Gita, Ayu