Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chapter 12
Activity
Why use incineration? What are the drawbacks?
Regulations
Historical perspective HW incinerators vs. cement kilns and light aggregate kilns and industrial boilers and furnaces
General Schematic
Types of Incinerators
Rotary kiln Fixed hearth Liquid injection Cement and lime kilns Fluidized bed Boiler systems Oxygen enriched Infrared
Fume Multiple chamber Multiple hearth Cyclonic Auger combustor Two-stage (starved air) Catalytic Molten salt
Classifications of Incinerators
Grate Open rack Stationary or moving Air circulation Large and irregular wastes Hearth Solid plate Variety of waste Suspension Sand or alumina bed fluidized with air Relatively uniform feed size
Pollution Control
Effluent POTW
Combustion Requirements
3 Ts + Excess O2
Systems
Wet Dry
Trial Burn
Test incinerator
Principal organic hazardous constituents (POHCs) destruction and removal efficiencies (DREs) HCl Particulates CO Metals Dioxin and furans
POHC DRE
At least 99.99% on all selected POHCs during trial burn
HCl Emissions
Emission no greater than larger of 4 lb/h or 1% of HCl in stack gas
Particulate Emissions
At most 0.08 grains/dscf corrected to 7% O2 or 180 mg/dscm corrected to 7% O2
Emissions Example
Example 12-2 (p. 746)
Does incinerator performance meet requirements?
CO Emissions
100 ppm by volume as a 60-minute rolling average corrected to 7% O2 on a dry basis
14 Pc Pm 21 Ydry
Ydry
Ywet 1 w
Combustion Efficiency
At least 99.99%
CE
C CO2 C CO2 C CO
100
PCBs
At least 99.9999% DRE for liquid
Dwell time of 2 s at 1200 100 oC and 3% EA in stack gas OR Dwell time of 1.5 s at 1600 100 oC and 2% EA in stack gas
Design
Example 12-7 (p. 765)