A Compilation by Virendra Sahdev

AC Metal-enclosed Switchgear and controlgear for rated voltages above 1 kV and up to and including 52 kV

IEC 62271- 200, Edition 1.0 2003-11 : High-voltage switchgear and controlgear AC metal- enclosed switchgear and controlgear for rated voltages above 1 kV and up to and including 52 kV IEC 60694, Edition 2.2, 2002-01: Common specifications for high-voltage switchgear and controlgear standards IEC 60815 : Guide for the selection of insulators in respect of polluted conditions IEC 60060-1, Edition 3.0 2010-09: High-voltage test techniques Part 1: General definitions and test requirements

Standard Rated Voltages Range I for rated voltages of 245 kV and below: 3,6 kV 7,2 kV 12 kV 17,5 kV 24 kV 36 kV 52 kV 72,5 kV 100 kV 123 kV 145 kV 170 kV 245 kV. Range II for rated voltages above 245 kV 300 kV 362 kV 420 kV 550 kV 800 kV.

RATED VOLTAGE Ur KV (rms)

Rated short duration Power Frequency withstand voltage - Ud KV (rms)

Rated Lightning Impulse withstand Voltage - Up KV (peak value)

Common Value
3.6 7.2 12 17.5 24 36 52 10 20 28 38 50 70 95

Across Isolating distances

12 23 32 45 60 80 110

Common Value
20 40 40 60 60 75 75 95 95 125 145 170 250

Across Isolating distances

23 46 46 70 70 85 85 110 110 145 165 195 290

Rated frequency (fr) The standard values of the rated frequency are 16 2/3 Hz, 25 Hz, 50 Hz and 60 Hz. Rated normal current (Ir) The values of rated normal currents should be selected from the R 10 series, specified in IEC 60059 i.e. 1 1,25 1,6 2 2,5 3,15 4 5 6,3 8 and their products by 10 to the power n.

Nature of part

Maximum Temp. degrees C

Temp. Rise at ambient air Temperature not exceeding 40 degrees C 35 65 50 50 75

Contacts bare Cu or bare Cu alloy in air Contacts Silver or Nickel Coated in air Contacts Tin Coated in air Connections- bare Cu, bare Cu Alloy or bare Al alloy in air Connections- Silver or Nickel Coated in air

75 105 90 90 115

Connections- Tin Coated in air

Terminals for External Connection - bare

105
90

65
50

Terminals for External Connection Silver , Nickel, Tin coated Accessible parts to be touched in normal operation Accessible parts not to be touched in normal operation

105 70 80

65 30 40

Rated short-time withstand current (Ik) In accordance with the R 10 series comprises the numbers 1 1,25 1,6 2 2,5 3,15 4 5 6,3 8 and their products by 10 to the power n. Rated peak withstand current (Ip) For a rated frequency of 50 Hz it is 2.5 times the rated short-time withstand current, and for a rated frequency of 60 Hz it is 2.6 times the rated short-time withstand Rated duration of short circuit (tk) Standard value : 1 Second; Recommended values : 0.5 , 2 and 3 seconds.

Rated Voltage (Us) : DC Voltages: 24, 48, 60, 110 or 125, 220 or 250 A C Voltages:
1 ph; 3 wire systems V 120/240 1 ph; 2 wire systems V 120 -

3 Phase, 3 wire or 4 wire systems V

120/208 ( 220/380 )
230/ 400 * (240/ 415) 277/ 480 347/ 600

120 (220)
230 * (240) 277 347

1. The voltage 230/ 400 V will be in future the only standard voltage

2. The voltages of 220/380 & 240/415 should be brought in 230/400 +/- 10% V.

M V Circuit Breakers : Vacuum Circuit Breaker SF6 Circuit Breaker MV Isolator with/ without Fuses MV Contactor Earthing Switch

The circuit breaker is a device that ensures the control and protection on a network. It is capable of making, withstanding and interrupting operating currents as well as short-circuit currents. Compulsory rated characteristics

Rated voltage Rated insulation level Rated normal current Rated short-time withstand current Rated peak withstand current Rated short-circuit duration Rated supply voltage for opening and closing devices and auxiliary circuits Rated frequency Rated short-circuit breaking current Rated transient recovery voltage Rated short-circuit making current Rated operating sequence Rated time quantities.

Vmax/ L 12 12KV, 630/1250A, 16/20/ 25/31.5KA for 3 sec; 665 mm (Height) X 461 mm (Width) X 665mm (Depth) Vmax/ W 12 : 12KV, 630/1250A, 16/20/ 25/31.5KA for 3 sec; 665 mm (Height) X 503 mm (Width) X 662mm (Depth) Vmax/ L 17 : 17.5 KV, 630/1250A, 16/20/ 25/31.5KA for 3 sec; 665 mm (Height) X 461 mm (Width) X 665mm (Depth) Vmax/ W17 : 17.5 KV, 630/1250A, 16/20/ 25/31.5KA for 3 sec; 665 mm (Height) X 503 mm (Width) X 662mm (Depth)

Characteristic VD4 VD4 VD4 VD4/ VD4/ VD4 VD4 VD4/ P24 /P 12 /P 12 /P 12 P17 P17 / P17 / P24
Rated Voltage Ur, KV Rated Normal Current Ir, A 12 630/ 1250 12 1600/ 2000 12 2500 17.5 630/ 1250 17.5 1600/ 2000 17.5 2500 24 630/ 1250 24 1600/ 2000

Rated short time withstand current (3-s) Ik, KA

Hieght- mm Width - mm Depth - mm Pole centre Distance - mm

16, 20, 25, 31.5

632 503 664 150/ 210

20, 25, 31.5

20, 25, 31.5

690 853 642 275

16, 20, 25, 31.5

20, 25, 31.5

20, 25, 31.5

16, 20, 25

16, 20, 25

690 653 642 210

632 503 664 150/ 210

690 653 642 210

690 853 642 275

794 653 802 275

794 653 802 275

Version

HD

CBE/CBF UNIGEAR ZS1 TYPE POWER CUBE/ UNIGEAR ZS2 TYPE UNIGEAR ZS 3.2 TYPE UNISWITCH (CBW) UNIMIX (P1E)

C P W Z US 12 17 24 36 40 06 12 16 20 25 32 36 16 20 25 32 40

HD4 ...

Rated Voltage KV

12 17.5 24 36 40.5

Rated normal current A

630 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 3600

Rated breaking capacity KA

16 20 25 31.5 40

50

50

Contactor with fuses

Electrical Characteristics Rated Voltage Rated Power Frequency Withstand Rated short time current Max rated current of contactor Motors Transformers Capacitors KV KV- 1 min KA A KW KVA KVAR 3.6 16 ..50 400 1500 2000 1500 7.2 20 ..50 400 3000 4000 3000 12 28 ..50 400 5000 5000 4800

Maximum performances of contactor with fuses

Maximum Load Currents of the fuses Feeder Rated Voltage KV

3.6 7.2

Transformers Fuse
200A 200A

Motors Fuse Max load

Capacitors Fuse Max load

Max load
160A 160A

315A 315A

250A 250A

450A 355A

360A 285A

12

200A

160A

200

160A

200A

160A

Earthing truck without making capacity

These trucks carry out the same function as the earthing switches without making capacity. They therefore have no capacity to earth live circuits in fault conditions. They are used to ensure an additional fixed earth, as is required by some installation service and maintenance procedures, as a further guarantee for personnel.

Earthing truck with making capacity

These trucks carry out the same function as the earthing switches with Making capacity. They consist of circuit-breakers provided with top (earthing of the main busbars) or bottom (earthing of the power cables) terminals only. The contacts without termials are short-circuited by means of a copper bar and connected to earth by means of the apparatus truck.

Power cable test truck

These trucks allow the insulation tests on the power cables to be carried out without accessing the feeder compartment or disconnecting the cables from the switchgear. The use of these trucks foresees removal of the apparatus from the switchgear (circuit-breaker or contactor) and its replacement with the truck. The truck, during the racking-in phase, only activates the bottom shutter and, by means of the connectors it is fitted with, allows connection of the test apparatus cables.

Isolating truck

The isolating truck allows the top switchgear contacts to be connected directly to the bottom ones. Connection is made extremely safe by using the poles of the circuit-breakers to insulate the connection busbars from the external environment. In the incoming/outgoing feeder units it connects the main busbar system to the power cables, whereas in the bus-tie, to the two sides of the busbar system.

Electrical Characteristics Rated Voltage Rated Power Frequency withstand voltage Rated Lightning Impulse withstand voltage Rated short time withstand current Max rated current of contactor Motors Transformers Capacitors KV KV- 1 min KV 3.6 16 40 7.2 20 60 12 28 75

KA A KW KVA KVAR

50 400 1500 2000 1500

50 400 3000 4000 3000

50 400 5000 5000 4800

Maximum Performances of contactor with fuses

Current Transformers Voltage / Potential Transformers Protection Relays Metering Auxiliary Circuits

The current transformers are of the type insulated in resin and are used to supply the measurement devices and protection instruments. These transformers can have a wound core or a bushing bar with one or more cores, with performances and accuracy classes suitable for the installation requirements. Each CT must be able to withstand the short-circuit current which can flow through its primary circuit both thermally and dynamically until the fault is effectively broken. Accuracy class (cl) Metering: class 0.5 Switchboard metering: class 1 Overcurrent protection: class 10P sometimes 5P Differential protection: class X Zero-sequence protection: class 5P.

The voltage transformers are of the type insulated in resin and are used to supply measurement and protection devices. They are available for fixed assembly or for installation on removable and withdrawable trucks. We can leave a voltage transformer in an open circuit without any danger but it must never be shortcircuited. They are available with or without medium voltage protection fuses fitted on primary side

NORMAL PRPTECTIONS FOR VARIOUS FEEDERES Incomer Feeder from EB 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 4. IDMT + Inst. O/C & E/F Relay 50/50N/51/51N Trip circuit supervision Relay (95) Master Trip Relay (86) IDMT + Inst. O/C & E/F Relay 50/50N/51/51N Auxiliary relay, 2 E, for Buchholz Alarm & Trip Auxiliary relay, 2 E, for Oil Temperature Alarm & Trip Auxiliary relay, 2 E, for Water Temperature Alarm & Trip

Outgoing Feeders to Transformer

5.
6. 7. 8. 9.

Auxiliary relay, 2 E, for Oil Surge/ Low level Alarm & Trip
Auxiliary relay, 2 E, for Winding Temperature Alarm & Trip Trip circuit supervision Relay (95) Anti-pumping relay (aux. contactor may be used) Master Trip Relay (86)

NORMAL PRPTECTIONS FOR VARIOUS FEEDERES

Outgoing Feeder other than to Transformer
1. 2. 3. 4. IDMT + Inst. O/C & E/F Relay 50/50N/51/51N Trip circuit supervision Relay (95) Anti-pumping relay (aux. contactor may be used) Master Trip Relay (86)

Incoming Feeder from DG Set 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. IDMT + Inst. O/C & E/F Relay 50/50N/51/51N Restricted Earth Fault Relay Reverse Power relay Differential relay DC failure relay

6.
7. 8. 9. 10.

Trip circuit supervision Relay (95)

Anti-pumping relay (aux. contactor may be used) U/V , O/V relay Master Trip Relay (86) Temperature Scanner

NORMAL METERING & INDICATIONS ( Specifications to be followed) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 5. Ammeter with SS Voltmeter with SS Tri vector Meter MDM and/or KWH Meter Annunciator ( if specified) INDICATING LAMPS FOR R/Y/B/ ON/OFF/TRIP/ SPRING CHARGED/ TCH/ TEST POS./ SRERVICE POS.

NORMAL ACCESSORIES FOR EACH PANEL (VERTICAL SECTION) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Space Heater, Thermostat & MCB Illumination lamp with switch & socket Test Terminal Block Control MCBs & Aux. Contactors TNC Switch

6. 7.

Remote Local Switch Emergency Push button

Switchboards are constructed by placing standardized prefabricated cubicles side by side. GA drawing of a typical panel is indicated in the next slide. Each vertical panel is subdivided internally into the following compartments which are segregated from each other with provision for internal wiring. - Metering box - Circuit breaker compartment - Cable compartment - Busbar compartment - PT compartment The cubicle version, and therefore the switchboard constructed, is of the single-level type, with a single busbar system, a circuit breaker compartment per cubicle.

Metering box

All the low voltage apparatus normally used is housed in this box which is provided above the circuit breaker compartment. In particular; terminal boards and cables for interconnection of cubicles and for connection of the auxiliary cables; measuring instruments, protection relays, control and signalling devices, fuses, low voltage miniature circuit breakers etc. - circuit breaker position contacts (connected - isolated) - provision for inter panel wiring

 Circuit Breaker Compartment The compartment is preset to hold the withdrawable circuit breaker, with its truck, and includes all the accessories required for its operation. Circuit breaker isolation is carried out with the door closed. The following components are mounted in the compartment - Insulating monoblocks i.e. the insulator bushings which contain the power connections between the circuit breaker compartment, the feeder compartment andthe busbar compartment. The insulator bushings have isolating contacts; automatic segregation shutters of the medium voltage circuit; mechanical arrangement for operating the limit switches at connected / isolated positions of the circuit breaker - locking device between circuit breaker and earthing switch, if provided - metal wiring ducts for passage of auxiliary circuit cables. - manual secondary plug and metering box socket arrangement provided

The cable compartment is accessible from the back of the cubicle. For switchboards installed against the wall, to reach the cable area, the removable bottom of the circuit breaker compartment can be taken out. The cable compartment can contain the following components : - earthing switch and relative auxiliary contacts, if provided - current transformers - toroidal current transformers on cable - cable terminals There is an opening in the base of the compartment for passage of the power cables.

Cable Compartment

Busbar Compartment

The busbar compartment houses the main busbar system mounted on the terminals connected to the upper fixed contacts of the monoblock and supported on Insulators

PT Compartment

The potential transformers and relative fuses are mounted in the compartment, and may be in the withdrawable version to facilitate their replacement in safety or may be in fixed version.

Separate Venting flaps are provided for Circuit Breaker, Bus-bar and cabling compartments to release excessive pressure during an arc event. Front, side and rear structures maintain their integrity.

The dimensions of busbars are determined taking account of normal operating conditions. The voltage (kV) that the installation operates at determines the phase to phase and phase to earth distance and also determines the height and shape of the supports. The rated current flowing through the busbars is used to determine the cross-section and type of conductors. It is to be ensured that the supports (insulators) resist the mechanical effects and that the bars resist the mechanical and thermal effects due to short-circuit currents.

The main bus compartment is separated from the other compartments by a sheet steel barrier and fully encloses the main bus. The main bus compartment is accessible from the rear. Main bus ratings match the highest rated circuit breaker continuous current ratings. The busbars are of electrolytic grade aluminium or copper . The busbars are with round edges and will have no sharp corners.
The bus bars and support systems are designed to withstand the forces created during short circuit conditions at the rated momentary and shorttime (3-second) conditions of the highest rated circuit breaker. Supports are be made of epoxy.

For installations in which, for various reasons, we cannot test under impulse conditions, the table in publication IEC 71-2 gives, according to the rated lightning impulse withstand voltage, the minimum distances to comply with in air either phase to earth or phase to phase. These distances guarantee correct withstand for unfavourable configurations: altitude < 1 000 m.
Rated Lightning Impulse Minimum distance in air withstand voltage Up - phase to earth & phase to KV phase - mm 40 60 75 95 125 60 90 120 160 220

Dielectric test on the main circuit Tests on auxiliary and control circuits Measurement of the resistance of the main circuit Tightness test Design and visual checks.

Dielectric test on the main circuit

A dry, short-duration power-frequency voltage test shall be applied. The voltage applied will 28KV for 1 minute for 12 KV MV Switchboard.

Tests on auxiliary and control circuits

The following tests shall be conducted: Inspection of auxiliary and control circuits, and verification of conformity to the circuit diagrams and wiring diagrams Functional tests Verification of protection against electrical shock Dielectric tests - The test voltage shall be 1 kV with a duration of 1 second.

Measurement of the resistance of the main circuit

The d.c. voltage drop or resistance of each pole of the main circuit shall be measured under conditions as nearly as possible similar with regard to ambient air temperature and points of measurement to those under which the corresponding type test was made. The current during the test shall have any convenient value between 50 A and the rated normal current.

Design and visual checks

The switchgear and controlgear shall be checked to verify its compliance with the purchase specification .

Dielectric tests
Power-frequency voltage tests Lightning impulse voltage tests

Measurement of the resistance of circuits Temperature-rise tests Short-time withstand current and peak withstand current tests Verification of the protection Internal arcing test

Switchgear and controlgear shall be subjected to short-duration powerfrequency voltage withstand tests in accordance with IEC 60060-1. The test voltage shall be raised for each test condition to the test value and maintained for 1 min. The tests shall be performed in dry conditions. Instrument transformers, power transformers or fuses may be replaced by replicas reproducing the field configuration of the high-voltage connections. Overvoltage protective devices may be disconnected or removed.

Switchgear and controlgear shall be subjected to lightning impulse voltage tests in dry conditions only. The tests shall be performed with voltages of both polarities using the standard lightning impulse 1,2/50 s according to IEC 60060-1. The tests shall be performed with the applicable test voltages given in Table 1a or 1b of 4.2 of IEC 60694. For test voltages to earth and between phases, columns (2) and (4) shall be used. For test voltages across isolating distances columns (3) and (5) shall be used.

Main circuit

A measurement of the resistance of the main circuit shall be made for comparison between the switchgear and controlgear type tested for temperature rise and all other switchgear and controlgear of the same type subjected to routine tests. The measurement shall be made with d.c. by measuring the voltage drop or resistance across the terminals of each pole. Special consideration shall be given to enclosed switchgear and controlgear. The current during the test shall have any convenient value between 50 A and the rated normal current. NOTE : Experience shows that an increase of the main circuit resistance cannot alone be considered as reliable evidence of bad contacts or connections. In such a case, the test should be repeated with a higher current, as close as possible to the rated normal current. The measurement of the d.c. voltage drop or the resistance shall be made before the temperaturerise test, with the switchgear and controlgear at the ambient air temperature and after the temperature-rise test when the switchgear and controlgear has cooled to a temperature equal to the ambient air temperature. The measured resistances in these two tests shall not differ by more than 20 %. The measured value of the d.c. voltage drop or the resistance shall be given in the type-test report, as well as the general conditions during the test (current, ambient air temperature, points of measurement, etc.).

Unless otherwise specified in the relevant standards, the temperature-rise test of the main circuits shall be made on a new switching device with clean contacts, and, if applicable, filled with the appropriate liquid or gas at the minimum functional pressure (or density) for insulation prior to the test. The test shall be made indoors in an environment substantially free from air currents, except those generated by heat from the switching device being tested. In practice, this condition is reached when the air velocity does not exceed 0,5 m/s. Temporary connections to the main circuit shall be such that no significant amount of heat is conducted away from, or conveyed to, the switchgear and controlgear during the test. The temperature rise at the terminals of the main circuit, and at the temporary connections at a distance of 1 m from the terminals, shall be measured. The difference of temperature rise shall not exceed 5 K. The type and sizes of the temporary connections shall be recorded in the test report.

The test shall be made over a period of time sufficient for the temperature rise to reach a stable value. This condition is deemed to be obtained when the increase of temperature rise does not exceed 1 K in 1 h. This criteria will normally be met after a test duration of five times the thermal time constant of the tested device.

A.1 Introduction

A.2 Types of accessibility

Room simulation and indicator positioning for accessibility A, functional unit at or above 1,5 m

Room simulation and indicator positioning for accessibility B, functional unit above 2 m high

Room simulation and indicator positioning for accessibility B, functional unit below 2 m high

RING MAIN UNIT

SF6 GCB

RING MAIN UNIT & COMPACT SWITCHGEAR SYSTEM

Electrical equipments in Compact Secondary Substations

IEC 62271- 200, Edition 1.0 2003-11 : High-voltage switchgear and controlgear AC metal- enclosed switchgear and controlgear for rated voltages above 1 kV and up to and including 52 kV IEC 60694, Edition 2.2, 2002-01: Common specifications for highvoltage switchgear and controlgear standards IEC 60815 : Guide for the selection of insulators in respect of polluted conditions IEC 60060-1, Edition 3.0 2010-09: High-voltage test techniques Part1: General definitions and test requirements

Merlin Gerin technical guide - Medium Voltage : MV design guide Vmax Medium voltage vacuum circuit-breakers IEC: ... 17.5 kV; ... 1250 A; ... 31.5 kA ANSI: ... 15 kV; ... 1200 A; ... 31.5 kA ABB VD4 Medium voltage vacuum circuit-breakers 12...36 kV 630...3150 A - 16...50 kA ABB HD4 Gas insulated MV circuit-breakers 12 40.5 kV - 630 ... 3600A - 16 ... 50 kA - ABB

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