Manual Assignment 3 a) Projections of Points and Lines

b) True lengths and True angles

How to find True Length (TL) and True Angle (TA) using 2-D projections only.

True length and Projected length

b
B
projection

True length > Proj. length

True length

b
300

a
b a
A

a
If line is parallel to VP or HP True length = Proj. length

True Angle and Projected Angle Projected angle with HP

True angle with HP

True angle with VP

a
A

Projected angle with VP

Method-1 (rotation method)

b

How to find T.L and T.A

B B

a A

Alt. Of B

Alt. of B
A L L Alt. Of A Line is made Parallel to VP

a
Alt. Of A

1) Altitudes of A and B are unchanged 2) Length of Top view is unchanged (L) 3) Top view is now parallel to VP

B Alt. of B A L L Alt. Of A b
Locus of B

b Alt B Alt B a TA with HP L a b Alt A

Locus of A

Alt A

x
a First draw front & top views of line before b rotation

y
Plan view ab is rotated to make parallel to VP

Dist. Of B B

Line can be rotated and made parallel to HP also Same logic, same procedure. (TA with VP is found)

a
A

b L
TA

Distances are constant

a
Dist. Of A b L

TL L
TA

x
a

y
Dist.A Dist.B

Method-2 Trapezoidal method (important)

Erect altitudes at 900 to the Top view.

B 900

a A L Alt. Of A

Alt. Of B

a Alt.A a Alt.A

Alt.B

b Alt.B

Trapezoidal method on VP same logic b Front view b Dist. B B 900 T.A with VP
Dist.B

a
a A
Dist.A

T.L

T.A Dist. A Dist.A a a

Dist.B b

Dist.A

Dist.B
b

Question 3.4 Point A = 15 in front of VP & 10 above HP. Point B = 40 in front of VP & 50 above HP. Distance between projectors of A and B is 70. Find least distance between A and B (i.e True Length) Find inclinations to both HP and VP (i.e True angles with HP and VP).

b
50

a
10

Step-1: First draw the front view and top view of the line AB

15

y a
70 40

First step: Finding TL and TA with HP () b

a p x a1

a
b

b1

Second step, finding TA with VP () b2

=170 a2 a x p a b

Both the steps can be shown in the same figure.

x
a1

a b

b1

Q 3.5 (Inverse problem) Given True length (80) and True angles with HP (300) and VP(450) find the projections of the line? Midpoint (M) of line AB is given (60 above HP and 50 in front of VP)

B M A a m B 300 b A
30 deg

Plan length

b 450 M a A

B a A

Front view length b

45 deg

Principle: Projections of Midpoint M will coincide with the midpoint of top & front views.
m

x
m

First Fix m and m (60 abv HP, 50 bfr VP)

b1

Locus of b (front vw)

m
300

Locus of a (front vw) Y

a1 X a
450

L
Locus of a (top vw)

L m

Locus of b (top vw)

b1

Locus of b (front vw)

m
Locus of a (front vw) a1 X a L m a Y
Locus of a (top vw)

Locus of b (top vw)