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Aravinda Guntupalli
Bar charts
Bar Charts are used for graphical representation of Nominal and Ordinal data Height of the bar is proportional to the number of values in the category. Select the icon for the chart type you want, and select the option under Data. You can either show group of cases or groups of variables using bar chart.
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How to?
From the menus, choose: Graphs, Bar Select the icon for Simple and select Summaries for groups of cases. Select Define. Select a variable for the category axis and move it into the Category Axis box. This variable may be numeric, string, or long string.
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How to?
From the menus, choose: Graphs and Bar Select the icon for Clustered and select Summaries of separate variables. Select Define. Select at least two variables and move them into the Bars Represent box. These variables must be numeric. Select a category variable and move it into the Category Axis box. This variable may be numeric, string or long string.
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How to?
From the menus, choose: Graphs and Bar Select the icon for Clustered and select Summaries of groups of cases. Select Define. Select at least two variables and move them into the Bars Represent box. These variables can be categorical.
Pie Diagram
The Pie Chart is an alternative to the Bar Chart for Nominal and Ordinal data. The proportion of the Pie represents the categorys percentage in the population or sample. Must identify slices.
Pie diagram
high 29.0%
low 23.5%
middle 47.5%
Boxplot
A boxplot consists of box and 2 tails. The horizontal line inside the box tells the position of the median and its upper and lower boundaries are its upper and lower quartiles. The tails run to the most extreme values. boxplot in sum shows structure of the data along with its skewness and spread.
Drawing a boxplot.
Question: We have recorded the heights in cm of boys in a class as shown below. We will draw a boxplot for this data.
QL Q2 Qu 137, 148, 155, 158, 165, 166, 166, 171, 171, 173, 175, 180, 184, 186, 186
Median = 171
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cm
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Boxplot
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N = 47 95 58
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Histogram
A Histogram is a graphical representation of a frequency distribution for continuous data.
Histogram (2)
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Std. Dev = 9.37 Mean = 52.6 0 32.5 37.5 42.5 47.5 52.5 57.5 62.5 67.5 72.5 75.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0 55.0 60.0 65.0 70.0 N = 200.00
math score
Negatively skewed
Positively skewed
of observations.
A modal class
A modal class
A bimodal histogram
Many Statistical techniques require normal distribution. Histogram helps verify the shape of population.
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writing score
Typical Patterns
Positive linear relationship No relationship Negative linear relationship
P-P plots
Plots a variables cumulative proportions against the cumulative proportions of any of a number of test distributions. Probability plots are generally used to determine whether the distribution of a variable matches a given distribution. If the selected variable matches the test distribution, the points cluster around a straight line.
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Q_Q plots
Plots the quantiles of a variable's distribution against the quantiles of any of a number of test distributions. Probability plots are generally used to determine whether the distribution of a variable matches a given distribution. If the selected variable matches the test distribution, the points cluster around a straight line.
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Observed Value
Thank You
Wish you colorful time making graphs