INTRODUCTION TO PNEUMATIC AND HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS (JJ512)

Prepared by: NIK NOOR ZILAWATI BINTI NIK AB RAHMAN MOHD AMIRUL BIN JOHARI

SYNOPSIS

Provide knowledge and understanding to P&H circuits, equipment and design along with usage in the industrial sector.

COURSES LEARNING OBJEKTIF:

Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:1. Classify the basic concept and function of P&H system. (C4) 2. Construct accurately pneumatic, electro pneumatic and hydraulic circuit. (P5) 3. Report briefly P&H experiments in group. (A3)

PNEUMATIC HISTORY

Origins 1st century, when ancient Greek mathematician Hero of Alexandria wrote about his inventions powered by steam or wind. However, none of his discussions revealed thoughts of using the devices for transporting objects.
-German physicist Otto von Guericke (1602 to 1686) went a little further. He invented the vacuum pump,

PNEUMATIC HISTORY

Capsule Transportation With the invention of the capsule in 1886, people now had a container to put items in to transport them from place to place. People in Victorian England were the first known to use capsule pipelines to transmit telegrams from one telegraph station to another.

Postal Systems
Scottish engineer William Murdoch (1754 to 1839) was the first to apply pneumatics to postal services, but there is little evidence that he went further than suggesting the transmission of letters and packages through pneumatic tubes. American merchant John Wanamaker (1838 to 1922) installed a pneumatic system in the United States Post Office.

PNEUMATIC HISTORY

Public Transportation Pneumatics was also applied to public transportation. A notable example is the efforts of American inventor Alfred Beach (1826 to 1896). In 1867, Beach demonstrated a pipe able to transport a handful of passengers, giving birth to the pneumatic subway line. However, the line only lasted for a few months, terminated after Beach was unable to gain permission to extend the distance of the subway.

PNEUMATIC HISTORY

Today Pneumatics is neither in wide use today, nor is it exciting curiosity. That can be credited to ever-advancing technology. However, its lasting mark is the tube terminals at bank drivethroughs.

EXAMPLE OF PNEUMATIC APPLICATION

PNEUMATIC BLOCK DIAGRAM

Compressor

Receiver

Dryer

FRL Unit

Control Valve

Actuator

Pneumatic control system

MAJOR APPLICATION OF COMPRESSED AIR

To determine the status of processor (Sensor). Information processing(processor) Switching of actuator by mean of final control elements. Carrying out of works(actuators)

GENERAL METHOD OF MATERIAL HANDLING

CLAMPING SHIFTING POSITIONING ORIENTING BRANCHING OF MATERIAL FLOW

GENERAL APPLICATION

Packaging Filling Metering Locking Driving axes Door or chute control Transfer of material and etc.

TYPES OF PNEUMATIC MOTION

Linear Swivel Rotary

ADVANTAGES OF PNEUMATIC SYSTEM

Air is available practically everywhere in unlimited quantities. Air can be easily transport in pipelines, even over large distance.

Compressed air can be stored in a reservoir and removed as required. In addition, the reservoir can be transportable.
Compressed air is relatively insensitivity to temperature fluctuations. This ensure reliable operation, even under extreme conditions.

Compressed air offers no risk of explosion or fire.

ADVANTAGES OF PNEUMATIC SYSTEM

Unlubricated exhausted air is clean. Any unlubricated air which escapes through leaking pipes does not cause contamination. Simple construction and relatively inexpensive. Very fast working medium and high working speed. Can be loaded to the point of stopping and therefore overload safe.

DISADVANTAGES OF PNEUMATIC SYSTEM

Required good preparation Possible to achieve uniform and constant speeds Economical to certain force requirements 6-7 bar. The exhaust air is loud.

SELECTION CRITERIA FOR THE CONTROL SECTION Reliability of components Sensitivity to environment Ease of maintenance Switching time of components Signal speed Space Service life Modification of the control system Training

HTTP://WWW.SMC.EU/PORTAL/NE W_EBP/18)INTRODUCTION_OF_C AT/18.1)INTRO/C)PNEUMATICS_S/ PN_SYMBOLS_EU.PDF

BASIC PNEUMATIC CIRCUIT

TO BE CONTINUED.

NEXT WEEK insyaAllah..