Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Accident
The American National Safety Council has defined accident as: that occurrence in sequence of events which usually produces unintended injury, death or property damage.
Causes of Accidents
The causes may be human or mechanical failures. The two broad sources of the accidents may be classified in to: Unsafe conditions and Unsafe actions
Environment
Human Human
mechanical causes
Mechanical causes
In
Environmental Causes
Illumination
Ventilation
Temperature Speed
Human causes
Individual factors Age Marriage Education Health Length of Service Work performance Psychological Factors Attitude towards Job Interest & difficulties Machine habits Attention Fatigue
Sociological factors Size of family Number of dependents Financial position Social Status Interpersonal relations Home Environment
Classification of accidents
Fall
from height Striking against Struck by falling objects Fall at same level Overexertion Inhalation or absorption Contact with electricity / Electric flash Others
Accident Prevention
Three
Controlling Accidents
Discover
the causes Control environmental causes Control behaviorist causes Supplementary activities
Causes of previous accidents The existing hazards that will cause accidents unless corrected
Introduction
Occupational
Safety and Health Management in India is guided by the broad policies of the Ministry of Labour, Ministry of Industry & Ministry of Environment & Forests, Govt. of India.
Factories
Act, 1948 Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules, 1989 Dangerous Machines (Regulation) Act, 1983
Overview
: Basically, major number of industries are statutorily governed by the Factories Act, 1948, besides other statutes which cover other specific aspects of safety in the industrial activities, e.g. treatment of effluents, pollution control, hazardous
The Factories Act has been existing in India since 1881. The Act provides for the health, safety, welfare and other aspects of workers in factories. In 1987 major amendments in the Act were incorporated which covered three major areas i) basic approach ii) health protection & control of accidents and iii) emergency planning in the factories engaged in hazardous processes.
Major Provisions
Approval,
factories Duties of occupier, manufacturers etc. Safety and Health policy and organization Health and hygiene standards Safeguards for Dangerous machines, material handling, pressure plant, floors, stairs, access and covering to pits, sumps opening, etc. Precautions against dangerous fumes, gases and explosive dust and precautions in case of fire
Appraisal Committee Disclosure of information to Chief Inspector of Factories Local Authority Workers and general public, On-site emergency plan, Medical examinations and records Permissible limits of exposures of chemicals/ substances Right to workers to know
Section 7-A:
Every occupier shall ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, the health, safety and welfare of all workers while they are at work in the factory. Without prejudice to the generality of the provisions of sub-s. (1), the matters to which such duty extends, shall include:The provision and maintenance of plant and systems of work in the
The arrangements in the factory for ensuring safety and absence of risks to health in connection with the use, handling, storage and transport of articles and substances; The provision of such information, instruction, training and supervision as are necessary to ensure the health and safety of all workers at work;
The maintenance of all places of work in the factory in a condition that is safe and without risks to health and the provision and maintenance of such means of access to, and egress from, such places as are safe and without such risks; The provision, maintenance or monitoring of such working environment in the factory for the workers that is safe, without risks
Except in such cases as may be prescribed, every occupier shall prepare, and, as often as may be appropriate, revise, a written statement of his general policy with respect to the health and safety of the workers at work and the organisation and arrangements for the time being in force for carrying out that policy, and to bring the statement and any revision thereof to the notice of all the workers in such manner as may be prescribed.
the
i. Wherein one thousand or more workers are ordinarily employed, or ii. Wherein any manufacturing process or operation is carried out involving risk of bodily injury, poisoning or disease or any other hazard to health to the persons employed in the factory, the occupier shall appoint Safety Officer. The no. of Safety Officers is specified by State Government notification.
For Factories carrying out Hazardous Process* (*Hazardous Process means any process or activity in relation to an Industry where unless special case is taken, raw materials used therein or the intermediate or finished products, bye-products, wastes or effluents thereof would: Cause material impairment to the health of the persons engaged in or connected therewith or
Safety Committee
Is
wherein
250 or more workers are ordinarily employed, or which carries on any process or operation declared to be dangerous under Section 87 of the Act; or which carries on Hazardous Process as defined in
Committee Composition
Management Representatives :
A senior official, who by his position in the organisation can contribute effectively to the functioning of the Committee, shall be the Chairman; A Safety Officer, and a Factory Medical Officer wherever available and the Safety Officer in such a case shall be Secretary of the Committee; A representative each from the production, maintenance and purchase departments.
Assisting and co-operating with the management in achieving the aims and objectives outlined in the Health and Safety Policy of the occupier; Dealing with all matters concerning health, safety and environment and to arrive at practicable solution to problems encountered; Creating safety awareness amongst all workers; Undertaking educational, training and promotional activities
Discussing reports on safety, environmental and occupational health surveys, safety audits, risk assessment, Emergency and Disaster Management plans and implementation of the recommendations made in the reports; Carrying out health and safety surveys and identifying causes of accidents; Looking into any complaint made on the likelihood of an imminent danger to the safety and health of the workers and suggesting corrective measures; and Reviewing the implementation of the recommendations made by it.
Objective:
To ensure prevention of accidents involving hazardous chemicals in various categories
Major Provisions
Enforced by factory inspectorate along with SPCBs/ CPCB Identification of major hazards and take preventive steps for identified hazards Demonstrate safe operation / emergency preparedness. Prepare MSDS, ensure proper lebeling of containers. Preparation of Safety Reports, in case of exceeding threshold quantities of hazardous chemicals storage. Notification of sites, in case of use of hazardous chemicals storage exceeding
OSH Organisations
Government
Organisations Directorate General Factory Advice Service & Labour Institutes (Founded in 1954) Central Labour Institute and 4 Regional Labour Institutes (Founded in 1959) State Inspectorate of Factories and
OSH
Ministry of Environment & forests under Environment Protection Act has constituted 4-Tier Crisis Groups for Disaster Management of Chemical Accidents in the country. The Crisis Groups will work under the purview of the Chemical Accidents (Emergency Planning,
Group State level : State Crisis Group District level : District Crisis Group Industry Pocket Level : Local Crisis Group
level
: Central Crisis
contravention of any of the provisions of this Act or of any rules made thereunder or of any order in writing given thereunder, the occupier and manager of the factory shall each be guilty of an offence and punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to (two years) or
that where contravention of any of the provisions under S 87 has resulted in an accident causing death or serious bodily injury, the fine shall not be less than (twenty five thousand rupees) in the case of an accident causing death, and (five thousand rupees) in the case of an
(1) Whoever fails to comply with or contravenes any of the provision of SS41-B, 41-C and 41-H or the rules made thereunder, shall, in respect of such failure or contravention, be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to seven years and with fine which may extend to two lakh rupees, and in case the failure or contravention continues, with additional fine which may extend to five thousand rupees for every day during which such failure or contravention continues after the conviction for the first such failure or contravention.
If the failure or contravention referred to in sub-S (1) continues beyond a period of one year after the date of conviction, the offender shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to ten years.
Building and Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Services) Act, 1996 The Building and Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Services) Rules, 1998. The Central Labour Commissioner has been designated as the Director General of Inspections for
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