Chemical bonding

Chemical Bonding 1. Lewis Symbol 2. Ion Bonding

3. Covalent Bonding
4. Coordinate Covalent Bond

1. Lewis Symbol
Also known as electron dot notation.
Lewis structures are representations of the atom and its valence electrons. In a Lewis structure the nucleus is represented by the symbol of the atom and the valence electrons are represented by dots placed around the atomic symbol

2. Ionic Bonding
An ionic bond is a Chemical bond formed by an Electrostatic process of two oppositely charged ions ( + and - ), a cation, usually a metal, and an anion, usually a nonmetal. Pure ionic bonding cannot exist: all ionic compounds have some degree of Covalent Bonding. The larger the difference in electronegativity between the two atoms involved in the bond, the more ionic (polar) the bond is. Ionic bonding is a form of noncovalent bonding. Formation The Form proceeds when the cation (Lower ionization energy) release some electrons to stabilize electron configuration . And, the anion (Higher ionization energy) accepts the Electron to stable the configuration. Structure Usually the ionic bond generate solid material that can dissolve in water.

Characteristics Of Ionic Bond

1. Ionic bond is formed between the metal ions (positive ions) and nonmetal ions (negative ions) 2. Naming simple ionic bonds starting from the name of the metal, followed by the name of non-metallic constituent. For example: sodium chloride. 3. Ionic bonds easily soluble in water and other polar solvents. 4. Ionic compounds easily conduct electricity when in solution. 5. Ionic compounds tend to form a crystalline solid with a high melting

point.

3. Covalent Bonding
The idea of sharing electrons between two non-

metals, in order to obtain an octet is what covalent

bonding is all about.

-Properties of Covalent Compounds

1. Gases, liquids, or solids 2. Low melting and boiling points

3. Poor electrical conductors in all phases

4. Many soluble in nonpolar liquids but not in water

Polar Covalent Bonds

Covalent Bonds

Nonpolar Covalent Bonds

-Polar Covalent Bonds

When a covalent bond forms with unequally shared electrons, the bond is said to be a polar covalent bond.
Ex : the hydrogen-oxygen bond in the water molecule

-Nonpolar Covalent Bonds

When a covalent bond forms between two atoms with equally shared electrons, the bond is said to be a nonpolar covalent bond.
Ex : H2

D. Coordinate Covalent Bond

Definition coordinate covalent bond is a formed bond between two atoms of each share two pairs of electrons. Atoms are bonded to one another because the electron pair is pulled by two atomic nuclei.

Terms and condition formation

A single atom has a lone pair Other atoms have vacant orbitals

Example 1 : The formation of NH 4 + compounds

Example 1: The formation of BF3-NH3 compounds