Soil and Water Conservation (SWC)

Dr. Suria Darma Tarigan MSc. 2013

Outline
1. Definition 2 Problems related to SWC

3. Land Degradation
4. Rehabilitation

1.1 Definition
Soil and Water Conservation: SWC: utilization of soil based on its capability and requirements to prevent land degradation. The mentioned definition pertains important aspects:

Based on its capability and requirements

Prevention of land degradation

Problems related to SWC

1 Soil Erosion and sedimentation 2 Flooding, Drought and Land slide 3 Land degradation

2.1. Soil Erosion

Soil erosion:
Soil erosion is a process of soil loss by water or wind flow. Soil erosion is the main cause of land degradation.

2.2. Sedimentation
Coastal sedimentation in northern Java Island showed an intensive soil erosion from southern area.

Reservoir sedimentation in most reservoirs in Java showed an intensive soil erosion from upper area.

2.3. Reservoir Sedimentation

2.4. Degraded Land

Degraded land is mainly caused by soil erosion

How Soil Erosion can induce degraded land: 1) Top soil disappearance 2) Decreasing ability of soil to absorb water

Physical characteristics of Latosol Citayam after 52.45 mm erosion in 10 month s Before erosion Bulk densit (g/cm3) Permeability (cm/jam) Penetration (kg/cm) 0.93 3.11 14.5 After erosion 1.05 1.43 30.3

Degraded Land in Indonesia

Ministry of Agriculture: 18 million ha

degraded lands (7 mio ha potentiall degraded, 6 mio ha semi degraded, 4,9 degraded lands)

Ministry of Forestry: 13,2 millions ha

degraded lands, 5,9 millions ha inside forest area, and 7,3 million ha inside forest area

2.4 Flooding and Land slides

. Floodings and land slides are related to the extend of degraded land Flooding and land slides occurence in Indonesia is still categorized high

Natural disaster in Indonesia (1998-2003)

Types
Flooding Land slides Erath quake Volcano Thunder storm Total frequen cy 302 245 38 16 46 647
Sumber: Bakornas PB

Victims
1066 645 306 2 3 2022

Loss (mio rupiah) 191.312 13.928 100.000 N.D 4.015 11 11

3. Land Degradation
Land degradation:
is a detereoration of soil leading to a loss of one or all of its function to support corresponding biotic activities Drivers: 1. Erosion. 2.Loss of nutrients and organic matter. 3.Saliniztion 4.Mining activities

Tipe of land degradation : Chemical , Pysical & biological degradation

Type of land degradation

a.1. Physical LD Erosion

13

a.2. Physical LD Mining

14

a.3. Physical Land clearing with heavy machineries

15

b. Chemical LD
Loss of nutrient and organic matter due to the forest fire Heavy metal contaminations Salinization

16

3. Biological LD:
Over use of pesticides and forest fire

17

4. Land Rehabiltation

4.1 Prevention:
Land utilization according to its capability
Use of soil and conservation techniques

 Soil and water conservation methods

1. Vegetative method
2. Structural method 3. Chemical method

 Revegetasi : Agroforestry, cover crop Amelioran : Pupuk organik, bahan organik, mulsa

Agroforestry

Mulch application

 Chemical method: Alcosorb and Soil Fix for Hydro seeding

ALCOSORB SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH DIRENDAM AIR

berupa krital (sebelum)

berupa gel (sesudah)

Use of Alcosorb for tree planting in degraded land

Before and After SOILFIX application

before

after

 Application of Alcosrob and Soil Fix for Hydro seeding

Kaltim Prima Coal

Freeport Tailing Rec. Soilfix Polybead

 Alcosrob Soil Fix untuk Hydro seeding pada Kaltim Prima Coal

Kaltim Prima Coal