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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING ELECTRONICS DESIGN LABORATORY

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF VARIABLE POWER SUPPLY & DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF DOMESTIC UPS

Work done by, V.VASUMATHI M.VIGNESHWARAN S.VINOD KUMAR

(110406138027) (110406138028) (110406138029)

CONTENTS
Abstract Objective

Introduction

Block

Diagram Diagram

Circuit

Description

Simulation

Diagram

Design Analysis

Conclusion

ABSTRACT
An uninterruptable power supply is an electrical apparatus that provides emergency power to a load when the input power source, typically mains power, fails. A UPS Differs from an auxiliary or emergency power system or standby generator in that it will provide near-instantaneous protection from input power interruptions, by Supplying energy stored in batteries or a flywheel.

OBJECTIVE
The main objective to design a UPS is to supply continuous undisturbed and conditioned power to the critical load.

To design and fabricate a 0-12 volt,1A variable power supply for various domestic applications at low cost and high reliability.

INTRODUCTION FOR UPS

This one simply produces AC power with a continuous duty inverter and assumes some system(s) will charge the DC battery supply it requires faster than it consumes it. Basically there are three major UPS types Backup UPS Line Interactive UPS On-Line UPS

BLOCK DIAGRAM

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

DESCRIPTION
TRANSFORMER :
The basic equation for stepping up or stepping down the voltage is given by, The ideal transformer equation is given by,

In the rectification section, the bridge rectifies the input ac voltage into dc voltage and the output voltage can be calculated by,

RECTIFIER :
The rectifier circuit is the heart of the power supply. Its function is to convert the incoming AC voltage to a DC voltage.

FILTER:
The smoothing capacitor converts the full-wave rippled output of the rectifier into a smooth DC output voltage.

The maximum ripple voltage present for a Full Wave Rectifier circuit is not only determined by the value of the smoothing capacitor but by the frequency and load current, and is calculated as:

SIMULATION DIAGRAM

DESIGN ANALYSIS
SL. NO THEORETICAL VALUE (VOLTS) PRACTICAL VALUE(VOLTS)

APPARATUS

PEAK VOLTAGE

RMS VOLTAGE

PEAK VOLTAGE

RMS VOLTAGE

1 2 3

Transformer Rectifier Regulator

16.97 15.57 230

12 11

12.2 11.8 120

8.62 8.34

INTRODUCTION
VARIABLE POWER SUPPLY:
This 0- to 12-Vdc variable power supply uses an IC voltage regulator and a heavy duty transformer to provide a reliable dc power supply. Filtered dc is fed to the input (pin 2) of the LM317T voltage regulator, IC, which keeps the voltage at its output constant (pin 3) regardless (within limitations) of the input voltage. LM317T is a very famous IC and easily available in the market comes with 3 pins, supporting input voltage is from 3 volt to 40 volt DC and delivers a stable output between 1.25 volt to 37 volt DC. It is a very high performance IC contains a built in current limiter, built in thermal overload protection & safe area protection.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

DESCRIPTION
TRANSFORMER : Transformers are used in power supplies to isolate the power supply from the AC voltage source. They are also used to step up voltages if higher voltages are required or to step down voltages if lower voltages are required. If transformers are used in power supplies, the AC power source is connected only to the primary of the transformer. This isolates the electrical circuits from the power source.

EQUATION:
The basic equation for stepping up or stepping down the voltage is given by :

The ideal transformer equation is given by,

In the rectification section, the bridge rectifies the input ac voltage into dc voltage and the output voltage can be calculated by,

RECTIFIER:

The rectifier circuit is the heart of the power supply. Its function is to convert the incoming AC voltage to a DC voltage.

FILTER : The smoothing capacitor converts the full-wave rippled output of the rectifier into a smooth DC output voltage.

The maximum ripple voltage present for a Full Wave Rectifier circuit is not only determined by the value of the smoothing capacitor but by the frequency and load current, and is calculated as:

REGULATOR : A voltage regulator is an electrical regulator designed to automatically maintain a constant voltage level. A voltage regulator may be a simple "feed-forward" design or may include negative feedback control loops. It may use an electromechanical mechanism, or electronic components. Depending on the design, it may be used to regulate one or more AC or DC voltages. The variable rectifier output voltage is calculated by :

DESIGN ANALYSIS
SL. THEORETICAL NO APPARATUS VALUE (VOLTS) PEAK VOLTAGE RMS VOLTAGE PRACTICAL VALUE(VOLTS) PEAK VOLTAGE RMS VOLTAGE

1
2 3 4

Transformer
Rectifier Capacitor Regulator

16.97
15.57 14.013 12

12
11 9.9

18.8
16.9 17.2 14.1

13.29
11.9 12.16

SIMULATION

CONCLUSION

Thus the design and fabrication of domestic uninterrupted power supply was done and the desired output was obtained. Thus the design and fabrication of (0-12) volt variable power supply were designed and the output was verified successfully.

REFERENCES
www.circuitdiagram.org www.next.gr/power-supplies www.powersupply88.com www.circuitsstream.blogspot.in www.circuitsportal.blogspot.com ElectoSuite.com www.eeweb.com www.circuitstoday.com