KAMPUS BAHASA ANTARABANGSA KUALA LUMPUR

PISMP TESL PEND. RENDAH YEAR 1 SEM 2 (2013)

TSL 3103 ELT METHODOLOGY

Week 5 : 15/7/2013 12 -1pm

Mdm Ann Anuradah Francis

Concepts in ELT Methodology

Approach - specifies principles in language teaching Method a broad plan

Technique a particular procedure or activity

Teaching methods
refer to ways of teaching (instruction) varies .. include class participation are decided according to students.. contribute towards the success of teaching-learning in the classroom

THE GRAMMAR TRANSLATION METHOD Background

- traditional methods.
- originally used to teach 'dead' languages

THE GT M - Characteristics/ Key Features

students' mother tongue
teaching of Vocabulary vocabulary / grammar reading of difficult texts speaking or listening skills;

drills

THE GT M - Characteristics/ Key Features Literary language Authority of class Primary skills to be improved : Focus is on? Pronunciation.

THE GRAMMAR TRANSLATION METHOD : Advantages

TL is quickly explained grammar and sentence structure Few demands on teachers

Least stressful for students

THE GRAMMAR TRANSLATION METHOD : Disadvantages/ Drawbacks

wrong idea of what language is speech grammar error correction

learners motivation
create frustration class time for students to produce their own sentences

THE GRAMMAR TRANSLATION METHOD : Application : Typical Techniques

(1) Translation (2) Reading (3) Antonyms/Synonyms (4) Cognates (5) Deductive (6) Fill-in-the-blanks (7) Memorization (8) Use Words in Sentences (9) Composition

THE DIRECT METHOD

Background: a reaction to the grammar-translation Rationale: First language learning/acquisition process

THE DIRECT METHOD Characteristics

Language used in class?

The learner should be actively involved in using the language Students are encouraged to think .

THE DIRECT METHOD (cont.)

Characteristics

Language skills Speaking styles Correct pronunciation Grammar Vocabulary

DIRECT METHOD : ADVANTAGES

An effective way in creating learners to be competent because : 1. It makes the learning of English interesting and lively 2. It is an activity method 3. Psychologically it is a sound method 4.This method can be usefully employed

DIRECT METHOD : ADVANTAGES 5) "It is the quickest way of getting started".

6) Students are able to understand

7) Aspects of speech developed

DIRECT METHOD : DISADVANTAGES

1.Not all teachers were proficient enough in the foreign language 2.Assumption that L2 should be learned in way in which L1 was acquired 3. It rejects use of the printed word 4. Need a lot of time and effort

DIRECT METHOD : DISADVANTAGES 1. Abstract words

2.This method is based on the principles that auditory appeal is stronger that visual.
3.The method ignores systematic written work and reading activities and sufficient attention is not paid to reading and writing.

DIRECT METHOD : DISADVANTAGES

1. Grammar is closely bound up with the reader

2. In larger classes, this method is not properly applied.

Guidelines of Direct Method for teaching oral language

Demonstrate Act/modelling Practice Ask questions Correct Use sentences Make students speak much Use lesson plan Follow plan Keep the pace of the students Speak normally Speak naturally Use of pictures Use of objects/ realia

Application: Typical Techniques

(1) Reading Aloud (2) Question and Answer Exercise (3) Student Self-Correction (4) Conversation Practice (5) Fill-in-the-blank Exercise (6) Dictation (7) Paragraph Writing (8) Map Drawing

AUDIO-LINGUAL METHOD
Founded during World War II

Popular in the 1960s

Based on the principles of behaviour psychology.

AUDIO-LINGUAL METHOD
Dependence on mimicry and memorization Teaching structural patterns

Grammatical explanation
Vocabulary Materials

Focus on native-like pronunciation

Use of mother tongue Reinforcement

Cultural background

Audio-Lingual Method: Disadvantages

1. Basic method of teaching parrots unable to use the patterns fluently in natural speech situations 2. Mechanical drills boring and mindless but also counter-productive,

Audio-Lingual Method: Disadvantages 1. Audio-Visual materials 2.Series of classroom studies threw doubt on claims made for language laboratory.

Audio-Lingual Method: Disadvantages

3.Audio-visual approach could only assist in presentation

of new materials 4.New technology caught publishers and text-book writers unprepared

Audio-Lingual Method: Disadvantages 6. New materials necessitated extensive use of equipment Specialist- Language rooms 7. Hardware problems

TYPICAL TECHNIQUES

(1) Dialogue Memorization

(2) Backward Build-up (Expansion Drill) (3) Repetition Drill

TYPICAL TECHNIQUES
(4) Chain Drill (5) Single Slot Substitution Drill (6) Multiple-slot Substitution Drill

TYPICAL TECHNIQUES (7) Transformation Drill (8) Question-and-answer Drill (9)Grammar Games

TYPICAL TECHNIQUES (10) Use of Minimal Pairs (11) Complete the Dialogue (12) Dictation

References
Krashen,S.(1987).Principles and Practice in Second Language Learning. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Larsen-Freeman,D.(2000)Techniques and Principles in Language Teaching. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Richards,J and Rodgers, T.(1986). Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Wilga,M.R. and Temperly,S.M. (1978). Practical Guide to the Teaching of English as a Second or Foreign Language.N.York: Oxford University Press.