Professional Documents
Culture Documents
• Family PICORNAVIRIDAE
• Genera that infect humans
• Enterovirus
• Poliovirus
• Coxsackie A and B
Echo
Other enteroviruses
• Rhinovirus
Poliovirus Viron
• 30 nM diameter
• naked icosahedral nucleocapsid
contains 60 copies each of four proteins
• single strand mRNA (+) polarityi
• is non-enveloped and contains no
enzymes
The Poliovirus Life Cycle
• In the endosome the nucleocapsid disassembles
• Acting like mRNA, viral RNA binds to
ribosomes and makes a single polypeptide
• This polyprotein has regions that have
proteolytic activity that cleave the polyprotein
to viral structural proteins, viral replicases and
enzymes that modify the behavior of the host
cell
• the replicase copies the viral plus sense RNA
to negative sense RNA
• This antisense template is then used to
produce a positive-sense copy of the original
genome
• At the same time as viral protein synthesis is
occurring, host cell protein synthesis is shut of
• Тhe capsid proteins self-assemble into an
immature capsid, a structure which contains all
of the necessary proteins
• The viral RNA enters the incomplete capsid
• Once the genomes have been packaged into
mature virions, the virus particles await the
cell's lysis (bursting)
PATHOGENESIS
• Poliovirus is transmitted through the
oral-fecal route , by ingestion of
contaminated water or respiratory
route during first 2 weeks
• The ingested viruses infect cells of the
oro-pharyngeal mucosa and lymphoid
tissue (tonsils)
• where they are replicated and shed into
the alimentary tract
• The virus also infects the lymphoid
tissue (Peyer's patches) underlying the
intestinal mucosa
• At these sites, the virus replicates and are shed
into the feces often for months after the
primary infection, or blood
• Expression of CD155 within spinal cord
anterior horn motor neurons may explain the
restrictive host cell tropism of polio virus for
this cellular compartment of the central
nervous system.
• There are three polio virus serotypes and all of
them bind to the CD155 receptor protein.
• For unknown reasons, polio virus does not
spread to the cells of the central nervous system
in all patients.
DISEASES CAUSED BY
ENTEROVIRUSES
• Most patients infected with an enterovirus
remain asymptomatic
• Abortive poliomyelitis (minor illness)
• Non-paralytic poliomyelitis (similar to aseptic
meningitis )
• Paralytic polio (The degree of paralysis
depends on the which neurons are affected
and the amount of damage that they sustain )
• Post-polio syndrome
Prevention
Family Picornaviridae
Genus
Hepatovirus
HEPATITIS B (HBV)
• Family
Hepadnaviridae
• Genus
Orthohepadnavirus
• Virion (Dane particle) – spherical
particle , 42 nM diameter
• enveloped
• icosahedral nucleocapsid
• The genome is partially double-
stranded DNA that forms a covalently
closed circle with 5' end of the full
length minus strand
• DNA is linked to the viral DNA
polymerase (reverse transcriptase)
Взаимодействие ВГВ с клеткой
• In the first stage the virus is coming into contact
with the cell and binding to cellular receptor
proteins on the cell’s surface.
• Enveloped viruses entering by endocytosis
• Fusion of envelope with endocytic vesicle
• Lysis of endocytic vesicle
• Viral DNA genome entering the nucleus (it is
converted into a fully double-stranded, covalently
closed, circular species- cccDNA)
• To produce viral mRNA molecules, host cell DNA-
dependent RNA polymerase enzymes copy the
negative DNA strand into positive viral mRNA.
•The positive viral mRNA can then be translated into
viral proteins by host cell ribosomes
• During transcription HBV makes 5 mRNA (short) and
http://www.lbl.gov/Publications/Currents/Archive/Oct-03-2003.html
• Impairment of Natural Killer (NK) cell
cytotoxic activity
• Reversible in patients responsive to IFN-α drug
therapy
http://www.english.bayerconosur.com/noticias/tema008-1.asp
Transmission sources
Disease statistics
Infected Individuals
85%
Persistent Infection
Most patients are asymptomatic and unaware they’re
infected
30%
Liver Disease
1-5%
Death
Conclusions