ALWANI BINTI ADNAN - SRM0014/10 LAILATUL ZULAIKA - PRM0211/11 NURHAFIZAH MOHD EZANI - PRM0204/11 ROSLIYANIE - SRM0106/10

Computer based systems used for monitoring, controlling, and managing equipment and systems in buildings Very important energy management tool Can be considered a tool in the hands of building operations personnel to provide more effective and efficient control over all building systems.

The main components of a BAS include sensors, actuators, controllers, data communication network, host computer, and software

 Increase
Reduced

reliability of plant and services.

operating costs

Building

management
staff productivity

Enhancing

Protection

people and equipment

Managing and supervising energy consumption and other resources Switching on/off of devices according to time and occupancy Limiting electricity demands peaks Ensuring the optimal operation of the heating, ventilating and air-conditioning systems Regulating shading and electric lighting

Providing automation of working places Central data processing Electronic documents transfer Data transfer Data transfer through computer-aided design among experts Notifying and informing

Building Automation Function

Safeguarding Diminishing human factor Personal identification with electronic cards Images surveillance Anti-burglar alarms Fire alarms Gas detection Simulations of the virtual occupancy of the buildings Managing informatics

Internal phone and video connection Video conferencing Satellite communications Electronic mail Access to the internet

1950S Reasonably Accurate Pneumatic Sensors & Controllers Fairly Comfortable Environmental Conditions
1960s: Improved System Design & Performance (VAV) Proliferation of Sensor/Receiver-Controller Concept Pneumatic Control Systems Are Industry Norm.

1970s: Micro-Chip Analog Electronic Control & Computerized Energy Management Systems.

Initial Computer Based Systems Were Costly & Performed Minimal Control
Functions; Typically Only Monitored Pneumatic Control Systems

1980s: Pneumatic systems continue

Microprocessor based panels with high density inputs & outputs

Introduction of Smart Controllers

Proliferation of Application-Specific DDC Control Modules Higher System Capability Per $ Investment Control Systems

1990s:

Electronic systems replace pneumatics Open Protocols Introduced BACnet LON World Wide Web Becomes Popular

2000s:

Internet Dominates BAS systems

Wireless Technologies proliferate Smart Building Systems

Full Building integration

HOW DOES BUILDING AUTOMATION WORK?

In a traditional building, unrelated systems such as HVAC, lighting, security, and life safety have their own controls and sometimes different cabling. In an automated building, all of these systems are integrated with the use of a common network infrastructure or a common fiber backbone. This fiber backbone allows these integrated systems to talk to each other. The data from these systems is delivered to a single monitoring interface that can be accessed via the internet for 24/7 monitoring.

BACnet Data communication protocol for BA and control networks The rules relates specifically to the needs of BA equipment Has been developed under the auspices of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers ( ASHRAE)

LonWorks Also known as the LonTalk protocol and ANSI/EIA 709.1. A layered, packet-based, peer-to-peer communication protocol. Can be built using most types of LAN cables, including twisted paur, coaxial, power line, radio frequency, infrared and fibre optics.

Modbus Emerged in the mid-1970s as an early protocol for linking terminals with Modicon PLCs using a master-slave relationship. Involving four basic elements, including device address, function code, data and error checking. The sequence is always the same , which makes passing very fast and efficient.

PROFIBUS Consist of three compatible versions offering very high integrity and a capability appropriate to the need, there are ; PROFIBUS DP, PROFIBUS FMS, PROFIBUS PA The network consists of several stations, including masters and slaves

Cabling configurations for BAS using structured cable (James, 2010)

A typical network architecture of BAS (Shengwei, 2010)

Field control networks typically connect the field control stations. The control stations are interfaced with the building services system via sensors, detector and control actuation devices. Network control stations serve as the router/converter to integrate the field control networks into the management network. Network control stations may have input and output for interfacing with building services systems directly.

The office worker faces the working environment. Examples of used-connectivity with the computer, lighting and the window ( Himanen. a Derek, 2004)

The programming software tools may be installed on the center computer stations where the programmers can configure control stations, program the control station and download the control software into the control stations from the central computer station through the network. Many control station are provided the programming tools which typically run on PCs or notebook computers, linked to the control stations directly via the serial port, USB port, or the like, when programming them.

Programming a control station typically involves two main categories of tasks, configuring the control station and developing and downloading the application program to the control station. The programming environments provided by the programming tools of different supplier may be very different, and can be group into three categories: Graphic/symbolic format Template or table format Text format high-level language programming

Developers tend to separate two platforms due to the fact that the monitoring and management platform needs to manage a number of BAS subsystems from different manufacturers or using different standards
Alarm summary, point detail, trend and group displays.

Display type Detail

Description Provides detailed information about a particular point. This information includes current values, scanning, history, etc Graphically displays charges in values, over time, of one or more variables. Trends can be displayed in several ways, including curve sand bar charts. Displays various types of information about related points on a single display.

Trend

Group

Summary
Status

Displays information, such as alarms and events in list form.

Displays detailed status information about system equipment, such as controllers and printers