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Sasanthy Kusumaningtyas

FKUI

Organisasi anatomi muskuloskeletal Rangka Tulang Tulang rawan


Posisi tubuh Bidang dan arah Istilah gerak

Otot Sendi Ligamen

ORIENTASI TUBUH

Source: Hamill Biomechanical Basis of Human Movement. 3rd ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

ORIENTASI TUBUH
BIDANG DAN SUMBU TUBUH

Source: Hamill Biomechanical Basis of Human Movement. 3rd ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

ORIENTASI TUBUH

Source: Hamill Biomechanical Basis of Human Movement. 3rd ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

KLASIFIKASI TULANG

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings.2012

RANGKA
Aksial Apendikular

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012

RANGKA AKSIAL: TENGKORAK

NEUROCRANIUM SPLANCHNOCRANIUM
Source: www.visiblebody.com

Calvaria

Basis cranii

RANGKA AKSIAL: TENGKORAK

Calvaria
Source: www.visiblebody.com

RANGKA AKSIAL: TENGKORAK

Basis cranii
Source: www.visiblebody.com

RANGKA AKSIAL: TENGKORAK

Source: www.visiblebody.com

SPLANCHNOCRANIUM

RANGKA AKSIAL: TENGKORAK

Sinus paranasalis
Sinus maxillaris Sinus frontalis Sinus sphenoidales Sinus ethmoidales
Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012

Hyoid
Tidak bersendi tulang apapun Dihubungkan dengan processus styloideus os temporal melalui ligamen

Source: www.anatronica.com

RANGKA AKSIAL: VERTEBRAE


STRUKTUR UMUM

RANGKA AKSIAL: VERTEBRAE

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012

RANGKA AKSIAL: VERTEBRAE

RANGKA AKSIAL: COLUMNA VERTEBRAE


Lengkung normal vertebrae:
Lengkung primer:
Kyphosis thoracalis Kyphosis sacralis

Lengkung sekunder:
Lordosis cervical Lordosis lumbal

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012

RANGKA AKSIAL: COLUMNA VERTEBRAE

Cervical lordosis

Lumbar lordosis
Source: Van De Graaff. Human Anatomy. 6th ed. McGraw Hill.2001

RANGKA AKSIAL: COLUMNA VERTEBRAE


Lig.supraspinosus

Lig.longitudinale anterior
Discus intervertebralis

Lig.longitudinale anterior

Lig.interspinosus Lig.flavum
Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012

RANGKA AKSIAL: SACRUM DAN COCCYGIS

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012

RANGKA AKSIAL: THORAX

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012

RANGKA APENDIKULAR

TULANGTULANG EKSTREMITAS
Humerus Radius Ulna Carpales Metacarpales phalanges Femur Tibia Fibula Tarsales Metatarsales Phalanges

GELANG BAHU
Clavicula Scapula

GELANG PANGGUL
Coxae

Regio: Brachii Antebrachii Manus


Sendi: Art. humeri Art. cubiti Art. radiocarpea
Membrana interossea antebrachii

Sumber: Moore & Agur. Essential Clinical Anatomy. 3rd ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2007.

RANGKA APENDIKULAR: EKSTREMITAS ATAS

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012

RANGKA APENDIKULAR

TULANGTULANG EKSTREMITAS
Humerus Radius Ulna Carpales Metacarpales phalanges Femur Tibia Fibula Tarsales Metatarsales Phalanges

GELANG BAHU
Clavicula Scapula

GELANG PANGGUL
Coxae

GELANG PANGGUL

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012

GELANG PANGGUL

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012

Perbedaan panggul pria dan wanita

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012

TULANG EKSTREMITAS BAWAH Regio: Femoris Cruris Pedis Sendi: Art. coxae Art. genu Art. talocrural

Membrana interossea cruris


Sumber: Moore & Agur. Essential Clinical Anatomy. 3rd ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2007.

TULANG EKSTREMITAS BAWAH

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012

TULANG EKSTREMITAS BAWAH


Lengkung kaki

Sumber: Moore & Agur. Essential Clinical Anatomy. 3rd ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2007.

TULANG EKSTREMITAS BAWAH


Lengkung kaki
Diperkuat oleh bentuk tulang, ligamen dan otot disekitarnya.

Sumber: Moore & Agur. Essential Clinical Anatomy. 3rd ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2007.

Organisasi anatomi muskuloskeletal

Rangka
Tulang Tulang rawan Sendi

Otot

Kontrol saraf
Ligamen

SENDI (articulationes)
Klasifikasi: berdasarkan struktur dan fungsi

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012

SENDI

Sendi fibrosa

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update.

SENDI
Sendi kartilaginosa

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012

SENDI

Sendi synovial

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012

SENDI SYNOVIAL
Sendi synovial mendapat suplai darah dan persarafan dari berbagai area disekitar sendi. Struktur khusus:
Meniscus (discus articularis):
Art.temporomandibularis, art.genu,

Bursae dan vagina tendinum:


Art.cubiti

SENDI SYNOVIAL
Articulatio humeri

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012

SENDI SYNOVIAL
Articulatio humeri

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012

Articulatio cubiti

Articulatio radiocarpal dan intercarpal

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012

Enarthrosis spheroidea

Articulatio coxae

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012

ARTICULATIO GENU

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012

ARTICULATIO GENU

ARTICULATIO GENU

lig.cruciatum anterior (PCL) lig.collaterale lateral/ fibulare lig.collaterale medial/ tibiale lig.cruciatum anterior (ACL)

Source; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RTV5Yo3E7VQ

PERGELANGAN KAKI

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012

PERGELANGAN KAKI
Art.talocruralis (tibiofibular & tibiotalar)

SENDI SYNOVIAL BERDASARKAN TIPE DAN GERAKNYA


TIPE SENDI SYNOVIAL:
Art. arthrodial (plane joint) Art. ginglymus (hinge joint) Art.trochoidea (pivot joint) Art.condyloidea/art.ellipsoaidal/art.ovoidea (condyloid joint) Art.sellaris (saddle joint) Art.spheroidalis/globoidea (ball and socket joint)

SENDI SYNOVIAL BERDASARKAN TIPE DAN GERAKNYA


GERAK SENDI SYNOVIAL:
Nonaxial Uniaxial Multiaxial

Gerak sendi selalu tegak lurus terhadap sumbu.

SENDI SYNOVIAL BERDASARKAN TIPE DAN GERAKNYA

(arthrodial)

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012

SENDI SYNOVIAL BERDASARKAN TIPENYA


Uniaxial

(ginglymus)

(trochoid)
Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012

SENDI SYNOVIAL BERDASARKAN TIPENYA

Source; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NM80_gTlslU

SENDI SYNOVIAL BERDASARKAN TIPENYA


Biaxial

(ovoid, ellipsoidal)

(sellar)

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012

Biaxial

Art.talocruralis (tibiofibular & tibiotalar)

Fungsi: Stabilitas Weight bearing Art.talocruralis (tibiotalar)

Art.subtalar (talocalcaneus)
Source: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0R4zRSE_-40

SENDI SYNOVIAL BERDASARKAN TIPENYA


Multiaxial

(spheroidal, globoidea)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gQnMPHoDGEc

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Cw9fxVdXwg

Source: Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012

Organisasi anatomi muskuloskeletal Rangka Tulang Otot Sendi Ligamen

Tulang rawan

Posisi tubuh Bidang dan arah Istilah gerak

OTOT RANGKA
Fungsi utama otot dalam gerakan: Menghasilkan gerak Memelihara postur dan posisi tubuh Stabilisasi sendi terdapat sekitar 600 otot pada tubuh manusia, hanya 70-80 pasang yang berfungsi sebegai penggerak utama

OTOT RANGKA
Penamaan otot berdasarkan:
Lokasi : brachialis Bentuk : trapezius Ukuran: maximus, minimus, brevis, longus gluteus maximus Arah serabut otot: rectus femoris, obliquus abdominis internus Perlekatannya: brachioradialis Jumlah origo: biceps (2 heads), triceps (3 heads) Gerak: flexor, extensor, abductor, adductor o M.extensor carpi radialis longus ;m.biceps brachii caput longum; m.biceps femoris caput longum

OTOT RANGKA
Otot menempati kompartemen tertentu: o Pengelompokan berdasarkan gerak dan dipersarafi oleh saraf tepi yang sama. Contoh: kompartemen medial pada tungkai atas berisi otot-otot aduktor yang dipersarafi oleh n.obturatorius. Fungsi gerak: o Otot-otot ekspresi wajah o Otot-otot penggerak ekstremitas (fleksor, ekstensor, aduktor, abduktor, rorator) o Otot-otot respirasi o Otot-otot abdominal

PERLEKATAN OTOT RANGKA


Ujung otot melekat pada tulang secara langsung maupun melalui perantara jaringan ikat. Origo: perlekatan tulang dengan otot stabil Insersio: perlekatan tulang dengan origin otot atau perantaranya tidak stabil

Source: Joseph Hamill. Biomechanical basis of human movement. 3Rd ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2009.

insertion

OTOT-OTOT PUNGGUNG

Gerak bahu

Gerak scapula

OTOT-OTOT PUNGGUNG

Gerak columna vertebralis

OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK SENDI BAHU DAN SCAPULA


PENGGERAK SCAPULA: Kelompok otot-otot punggung lapis superfisial (m.trapezius, m.rhomboid, m.levator scapulae) Kelompok otot-otot anterior thorax (m.serratus anterior, m.pectoralis minor) Kelompok otot-otot scapular (m.subscapularis, m.supraspinatus, m.infraspinatus, m.teres minor) OTOT-OTOT ROTATOR CUFF (m.supraspinatus, m.subscapularis, m.infraspinatus, m.teres minor) fiksasi sendi bahu bagian posterior

OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK SENDI BAHU DAN SCAPULA


Gerak scapula

Gerak sendi bahu

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012

OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK SENDI BAHU DAN SCAPULA

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012

OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK SENDI BAHU DAN SCAPULA

Deltoid

Latissimus dorsi Gerak scapula Gerak sendi bahu


Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012

OTOT EKSTREMITAS ATAS

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012

OTOT EKSTREMITAS ATAS

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012

OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK SENDI SIKU


Art.humeroulnaris:
Kompartemen anterior lengan atas: kelompok otot-otot fleksor Otot-otot kompartemen posterior lengan atas: kelompok otot-otot ekstensor

Art.radioulnaris:
Otot-otot pronator: m.pronator quadratus, m.pronator teres, Otot otot supinator: m.supinator, m.biceps brachii

OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK SENDI SIKU

OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK PERGELANGAN TANGAN DAN JARI-JARI


Kompartemen anterior: kelompok otot-otot fleksor. Kompartemen posterior: kelompok otot-otot ekstensor.

OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK PERGELANGAN TANGAN DAN JARI: aspek anterior

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012

OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK PERGELANGAN TANGAN DAN JARI: aspek posterior

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012

OTOT-OTOT TELAPAK TANGAN

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012

OTOT-OTOT TELAPAK TANGAN Otot-otot aduktor Otot-otot abduktor

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012

Carpal tunnel

Sumber: Moore & Agur. Essential Clinical Anatomy. 3rd ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2007.

OTOT-OTOT EKSTREMITAS BAWAH

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012

OTOT-OTOT EKSTREMITAS BAWAH

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012

OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK SENDI PANGGUL

Triceps coxae: M.gemelus superior M.obturator internus M.gemelus inferior


Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012

OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK SENDI PANGGUL


Otot fleksor

Otot abduktor

Otototot aduktor

OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK SENDI PANGGUL


Otot-otot aduktor

OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK SENDI LUTUT

biceps femoris

semitendinosus semimembranosus

hamstrings muscles

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012

OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK SENDI LUTUT

Rectus femoris Vastus intermedius

vastus lateralis vastus medialis

Mm.quadriceps femoris

Source: Dynamic Human Anatomy 2.0

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012

Tibialis anterior Fibularis (peroneus) longus

Extensor hallucis longus

Tibialis anterior

Extensor digitorum longus

Extensor hallucis longus Fibularis (peroneus) tertius Extensor digitorum longus

OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK PERGELANGAN KAKI DAN JARI: aspek anterior

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012

OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK PERGELANGAN KAKI DAN JARI: aspek lateral

OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK PERGELANGAN KAKI DAN JARI: aspek posterior


plantaris gastrocnemius

soleus

Triceps surae muscles: M.gastrocnemius M.soleus

Fibularis (peroneus) longus


Fibularis (peroneus) brevis

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012

OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK PERGELANGAN KAKI DAN JARI: aspek posterior


Tibialis posterior

flexor hallucis longus

flexor digitorum longus

flexor hallucis longus

Fibularis (peroneus) brevis

flexor digitorum longus

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012

OTOT-OTOT KAKI

Source: Dynamic Human Anatomy 2.0

OTOT-OTOT PLANTAR

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012

OTOT-OTOT PLANTAR

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012

OTOT-OTOT PLANTAR

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings.2012

Referensi
Dynamic Human Anatomy 2.0 (CD) Hamill J, Knutzen KN. 2009. Biomechanical basis of human movement. 3rd ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012 Moore KL & Agur A.M.R. Essential Clinical Anatomy. 3rd ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2007. Tortora, JG & Derricson BH.2009. Priciples of anatomy and physiology. Van De Graaff. 2001. Human Anatomy. 6th ed. McGraw-Hill Company. Www.studentconsult.com : Richard L Drake, Wayne Vogl, Adam W.M. Mitchell. Grays anatomy for students. Elsevier. 2007.

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