Chapter 7.

3
Structures and Organelles
NWRC
 Eukaryotic Cells

Image from: http://summit.k12.co.us/schools/shs/computer/tkelley/plntcell.jpg

 The Nucleus
• The largest membrane-
bound organelle in the
eukaryotic cell

• Enclosed by the nuclear

envelope – contains pores

•Contains a “dark spot” - the

nucleolus – builds ribosomes

•Contains chromatin (DNA

and proteins) – when coiled
forms chromosomes http://www.daviddarling.info/images/cell_nucleus.jpg
 Plasma Membrane
 Composed of a phospholipid bilayer with
embedded proteins
 Provides a barrier that controls what enters
and leaves the cell.
 All cells, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic,
contain plasma membranes.
 Cell Wall
 Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells can have a
cell wall.
 Composed of cellulose in plant cells.
 A rigid, protective covering that provides structural
support.

http://home.earthlink.net/~dayvdanls/ptcytok.GIF
 Cytoplasm
 Cell fluid which
surrounds the
organelles and
contains many
dissolved solutes.

 Site of many cellular

chemical reactions.

http://www.jenningsk12.net/WE/peimann/Science/Cells/cell_amoeba.jpe
 Vacuole
 Bag-like storage
structure
 Can take up to 90%
of the volume of a
plant cell
 Stores food, water,
wastes, or other
substances
 Animal cell
vacuoles are much
smaller
http://student.nu.ac.th/u46410320/vacuole%5B1%5D.jpeg
 Mitochondria
 The site of cellular
respiration.
 Provides energy for
the cell by producing
a molecule called
ATP.
 Has a highly folded
inner membrane that
provides increased
surface area for
chemical reactions. http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/mitochondria/images/mitochondriafigure1.jpg
 Chloroplast
 Site of photosynthesis.

 Contains the green

pigment chlorophyll.

 Has a highly folded

inner membrane that
provides increased
surface area for
chemical reactions.

http://www.helpsavetheclimate.com/chloroplast1.gif
 Ribosomes
 Composed of RNA and
protein

 Made up of two subunits

 Responsible for protein

synthesis

 Found in both prokaryotic

and eukaryotic cells http://www.daviddarling.info/images/ribosome.jpg
 Other Organelles
Endoplasmic
 Other organelles help to Reticulum
carry out cell functions.
 ER – makes lipids and
helps build new
membrane.
 Golgi receives and
modifies proteins and
then ships them to new
locations in the cell.
 Lysosomes digest worn Golgi Transport
Apparatus Lysosome Vesicle
out cell parts and food.
http://www.answers.com/topic/endomembrane-system-diagram-no-text-nucleus-png
 Endoplasmic Reticulum: (ER)
A folded membrane that
moves material in the cell
ER (Endoplasmic
Reticulum) is part of the
internal delivery system and
uses tubes for passageways.
ER is additionally
responsible for moving
proteins and other
carbohydrates to the Golgi
Body.
Golgi Body (Apparatus)

 consisting of flat,
disk-shaped sacs,
tubules, and vesicles
 Stacks of sacs that
package and move
proteins around in the
cell.
Lysosomes
 Organelle that eats worn out
cell parts.
 It contains digestive enzymes.
 Lysosomes are round
membrane surrounded
structures that can be found
anywhere in the cytoplasm.
 Sometimes they are called
suicide bags because they
encase the worn out part that
is to be digested.
Assessment
 1. The nucleus
contains DNA and
controls the
manufacture of
proteins
Assessment
 2. The rough ER has
ribosomes that
produce proteins for
export to other cells.
Smooth ER is
involved in the
synthesis of complex
carbohydrates and
lipids
Assessment
 3. See analogy
hand out – using
analogies is a
great way to
understand the
cell
Assessment
 4. Ribosomes are
not membrane
bound structures