Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Definitions
Data Information Systems Information System Management Information system End user Diff types. Managerial end user.
Data
Data: - are raw facts or observations, typically about physical phenomena or business transactions. More specifically, data are objective measurements of the attributes (characteristics) of entities, such as people, places, things, and events.
Information
Information: - is processed data, which has been placed in a meaningful and useful context for an end user. Data is subjected to a value-added process (data processing or information processing) where:
Its form is aggregated, manipulated, and organized. Its content is analyzed and evaluated It is placed in a proper context for a human user
Information is data that has been processed into a form that is meaningful to the recipient and is of real or perceived value in current or prospective actions or decisions.
Types of Data
System
A group of interrelated or interacting elements forming a unified whole. A group of interrelated components working together toward a common goal by accepting inputs and producing outputs in an organized transformation process (dynamic system).
Control Signals
Control
Feedback Signals
Input
Processing
Output
System Concepts
Environment
Feedback Signals
Control by Management
Control Signals
Manufacturing Process
Other Systems
Components of System
Input Processing ( transformation ) Output Feedback Control System boundary Environment
System
Open system Closed system Sub system Adaptive system
Information system
An information system (IS) can be any organized combination of people, hardware, software, communications networks, and data resources that collect, transforms, and disseminate information in an organization
Hardware Resources
Machines: computers, video monitors, disks, printers, scanners Media: floppies, tapes, disks, plastic cards, paper forms, ... Software Resources system, application, procedures Programs: OS , spreadsheet programs, payroll programs , .... Procedures: data entry, error correction, paycheck distribution, ... Data Resources database, model base, knowledge base Product descriptions, customer records, inventory databases,...
Network resources
Communication media, network support, ...
A Business as a System
The community Competitors Management Control Feedback Information Systems Customers Stockholders
Government Agencies
Suppliers
Goods and Services: Products Services Payments Contributions Information Other Effects
PROCESSING
Major Roles of IS
Support Competitive Advantage
Support Business Decision Making
Electronic Commerce
Buying & selling, and marketing & servicing of products, services, & information.
Process Control Systems monitor & control physical processes. Enterprise Collaboration Systems
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IS and MIS
When Information Systems are designed to provide accurate, timely and relevant information needed for effective decision making by managers, they are called Management Information System.
Objective of MIS
Deliver the right information to the right people, at the right time, with the right form. MIS should improve the workers productivity. Who has what information about whom and when, where, and how will all be decided in the process of building an information system.
Characteristics of MIS
Comprehensive Integrated Coordinated Transformation of data into information Relevant information Conformation with managers styles and characteristics Selective sharing of data Feedback- Cost/benefit, supply of relevant and timely information and systemic failure
Misconceptions
MIS is a computerized information system More data lead to effective decision making Managers know their all information needs Managers do not have to understand how MIS works
Expert Systems
Give the computer the ability to make suggestions and act like an expert in a particular field Allow organizations to capture and use the wisdom of experts and specialists The knowledge base contains the collection of data, rules, procedures, and relationships that must be followed to achieve value or the proper outcome
End User Computing Systems: direct productivity support Executive Information Systems:Critical Information Expert Systems: Knowledge based expert advise for end users Strategic Information Systems: for competitive advantage Purpose; Promoting survival and prosperity of organisation
1990s 2000s :
Global internetworking
Internetworked information systems for end-user, enterprise, and inter-organizational computing, collaboration, including global operations and management on the internet and other interconnected enterprise and global networks.
OBrien p 31
ORGANIZATIONS
TECHNOLOGY
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
MANAGEMENT
ENVIRONMENT
Customers ORGANIZATION INFORMATION SYSTEM
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
Suppliers
FEEDBACK
Regulatory Agencies
Dr. Chen, Information Age
Stockholders
Competitors
TM -42
Pricing
Production
production planning purchasing distribution engineering operations stock management quality control
Finances
budgetting general ledger billing analytical bookkeeping financial operations A/C payable A/C receivable
Personel
human resources payroll cost estimations applications contracts training
Electronic Banking
account status exchange rates economic information bank transfers order checks reports batch payments
Security via magnetic cards, password , control totals
Other Applications
Transport
just in time routing shipping