tenses

Structure: How do we make the tense? Use: When and why do we use the tense?

Simple present

the action happens all the time, or habitually, in the past, present and future

the action is not only happening now the statement is always true Story telling Reference

I live in New ork! "he #oon goes round the $arth! %ohn drives a ta&i! He does not drive a bus! We meet every "hursday! We do not work at night! 'o you play football?

Structure

() He speaks!

N) He does not speak!

*) 'oes he speak?

present Progressive

action taking place in the moment of speaking action in the future

I am teaching !

I am taking my e&am ne&t month!

Structure

() He is speaking!

N) He is not speaking!

*) Is he speaking?

Present perfect simple

e&perience change continuing situation

I have seen $"! He has lived in +angkok! Have you been there? We have never eaten caviar I have bought a car! I have worked here since %une! He has been ill for , days!

Structure

() He has spoken!

N) He has not spoken!

*) Has he spoken?

Present perfect progressive

putting emphasis on the course or duration -not the result.

action that recently stopped or is still going on

Simple past

action in the past taking place once, never or several times

action taking place in the middle of another action

Structure

() He spoke!

N) He did not speak!

*) 'id he speak?

Past progressive

action going on at a certain time in the past

action in the past that is interrupted by another action

Structure

() He was speaking!

N) He was not speaking!

*) Was he speaking?

Past Perfect

/) ( completed action before something else in the past! When we arrived, the film had started! -0 first the film started, then later we arrived. ,) "o e&plain or give a reason for something in the past! I1d eaten dinner so I wasn1t hungry! It had snowed in the night, so the bus didn1t arrive! 2) something that started in the past and continued up to another action in the past! When he graduated, he had been in 3ondon for si& years!

Past Perfect Continuous

Something that started in the past and continued up to another action or event -tells us 1how long1.

She had been working at that company for a year when she met %ames! 4ause of something in the past "he pavement was wet, it had been raining!

Simple Future

( decision at the moment of speaking () 5I6m cold6 +) 5I6ll close the window!6 7rediction based on opinion! I think the 4onservatives will win the ne&t election! 7romises 8 re9uests 8 refusal 8 willingness I6ll help you with your homework! Will you give me a hand? I will give up smoking: In the same way as the future continuous, but with state verbs I1ll be at the station when you arrive

Future Progressive Tense

( continuous action in the future which is interrupted by a time or by another action! I6ll be waiting when you arrive! (t eight o6clock, I6ll be eating dinner! ( complete action in the future that will happen in the normal course of events! "he ;overnment will be making a statement later! "o make a guess about the present! #y mother will be working now! -0 I think she is working now, but I6m not completely certain.

Future Perfect Tense

With a future time word, - and often with 5by6. to talk about an action that will finish before a certain time in the future, but we don6t know e&actly when! +y /< o6clock I will have finished my

Future Perfect Continuous Tense

With a time word, to talk about an action which starts before a time in the future and continues up to that time!

In (pril ,<<=, I will have been teaching here for two years!