PLUMBING

TYPICAL PLUMBING SYSTEM OF A TOILET AND BATH

WATER CYCLE OF THE PLUMBING SYSTEM

PROPERTIES OF WATER

An important part in the water system. Personal use Food preparation Cleaning and general domestic purposes Fire fighting Laundry services Swimming pool Irrigation Recreational use

Demand of water

Water cycle

Type of water
Purified water Polluted water Gray water Black water Storm water

Water quality problems

Water purification
Settling or sedimentation Filtration Adsorption/flocculationcoagulation Aeration distillation Disinfection/chlorination

Treatment system

Plumbing Fixtures
Common type of plumbing fixtures Water closet Lavatory Kitchen sink Urinal Bidet Bath tub

Water Closet
A plumbing fixture used to receive human excremental and to discharge it through a waste pipe, using water as a conveying medium.

Method of Classification
Design Make Flushing mechanism Shape Installation

Type of WC as to Design
Siphon washdown Siphon jet Siphon vortex Reverse trap

Siphon washdown
Least expensive Nosiest Small amount of standing Susceptible to fouling Contamination Staining

Siphon jet
Submerged jet Muffled sound Mechanically efficient Expensive

Siphon Vortex
Diagonal holes Most quiet Most efficient Most sanitary

Reverse trap
Trap rear part Desirable than siphon washdown

According to make
One-piece Closed coupled Pail flush Squat bowl

One-piece
Bowl and flush molded into a single unit Bidet

Closed coupled
Attached to the bowl Two-piece water closet

Pail flush
No flush tank Water poured from a pail

Squat bowl
Eastern type Squat position

As to flushing mechanism
Flush tank Flush valve

Flush tank
Holds a supply of water for flushing the fixture 5 to 6 gallons

Flush valve
Valve Direct water pressure Aka flushometer 10 to 20 psi

As to Shape
Round front Elongated front

As to Installation
Free standing

Wall hung

Minimum water closet clearance

Quality of fixtures
Dense Durable Non-absorbent Smooth Free form unnecessary concealed fouling odor

Minimum trap diameter and DFU

WC for private 76mm 4 dfu 4 WC for public 76mm 6dfu 4

Size of Water supply and WSFU

WC, Flush tank 12mm 3(private);5(public) WC, flush valve 25mm 6(private);10(public)

Minimum size of vent

WC 51mm dia.

Tiles for T and B

Use 200mm x 200mm ceramic

Ventilation of T and B
Ceiling mount exhaust fan duct type Thermal exhaust fan

Lavatory
A fixture designed for washing of the hands and face

Types of Lavatory

Types of lavatory

Types of lavatory

Types of lavatory

Types of lavatory faucet

Center set Wide spread

Minimum lavatory clearance

Materials for lavatory

Vitreous China Enameled cast iron Stainless steel Plastic

Minimum for lavatory fixture

Bidet
A plumbing fixture used for washing the middle part of the body, especially genitals. It is also known as Sitz Bath

Bidet

Bath tub
Tube for bathing, usually a fixed plumbing installation designed for one person.

Bath tub

Urinal
A sanitary fixture equipped with water supply and drain for flushing away urine.

Types of Urinal

Types of Urinal

Types of Urinal

Types of Urinal

Minimum clearances for urinal

Kitchen Sink
A plumbing fixtures usually consisting of a basin with a water supply, connected with a drain.

Types of sink

Types of sink

Types of sink

Types of sink

Minimum clearances

Plumbing fixtures

Requirements for other accessories

Minimum plumbing unit

Plumbing accessories
Soap holder Paper holder Toothbrush and tumbler holder Towel holder Seat cover

Fixture layour
Two fixture plan Three-fixture plan

Two fixture plan

Three fixture plan (compartment)

Typical

Clearances

Clearances

Clearances

Clearances

Clearances

Lab exercise
Draw three fixture contemporary plan.