1. A ship sailed due West from longitude 1to longitude 2 at the same latitude. It is a: A. Parallel sailing B.

Plane sailing C. Mercator sailing D. Midlat sailing

2. It is a vertical angle expressed in angular unit between horizontal at any point and a line of force through that point. A. Vertical intensity B. East component C. Variation D. Magnetic dip

At the Magnetic Equator, the attraction of the compass needle towards the north and south poles is equal and the needle remains unbiased. As the compass is moved either north or south of the magnetic equator, the attraction to the nearest pole is increased, thus the needle will be biased towards the nearest pole. This phenomenon is called Magnetic Dip.

3. The true altitude of the body at the meridian transit was 30 27.2. Find the latitude if the suns declination is 12 21.6 N. A. 46 35.5 S B. 47 54.5 S C. 47 11.2 S D. 46 54.1 S

3. Solution: 90 00.0 ( - ) ALT = 30 27.2 N (Meridian Transit) ZX = 59 32.8 S DEC = 12 21.6 N ( - ) LAT = 47 11.2 S

4. The property of a gyroscopic exhibited when a force is applied is. A. Rigidity B. Precession C. Torque D. Inertia

Gyroscope is a device for measuring or maintaining orientation, based on the principle of conservation of angular momentum. The essence of the device is a spinning wheel on an axle. The device, once spinning, tends to resist changes to its orientation due to the angular momentum of the wheel. In physics this phenomenon is also known as Gyroscopic Inertia or Rigidity in Space.

GYROSCOPE

A Gyroscope in operation with freedom in all three axis. The rotor will maintain its spin axis direction regardless of the orientation of the outer frame.

Precession refers to a change in the direction of the axis of a rotating object. In certain contexts, "precession" may refer to the precession that the Earth experiences, the effects of this type of precession on astronomical observation, or to the precession of orbital objects.

5. An instrument used to measure relative humidity. A. Barometer B. Thermometer C. Hydrometer D. Psychrometer

PSYCHROMETER

SLING PSYCHROMETER

WET AND DRY BULB TEMPERATURE

HYGROMETER

DIGITAL HYGROMETER

6. A cloud that appears as a grayish or bluish fibrous veil or sheet. A. Altostratus B. Cumulus C. Altocumulus D. Stratus

7. A cold, dry katabatic wind which blows down from the mountains of the North and East shores of the Adriatic. A. Bora B. Mistral C. Tehuantecepecer D. Gregale

8. A cold, dry katabatic blowing from the north over the NW coast of the Mediterranean Sea. A. Tehuantepecer B. Mistral C. Gregale D. Bora

9. If the GHA of Aries is 301 17.6 and the GHA of star is 126 27.8, find the SHA of the star? A. 184 10.2 B. 185 10.0 C. 174 21.3 D. 174 20.1

9. Solution: GHA = 301 17.6 SHA = ? GHA = 126 27.8 + 360 GHA = 301 17.6' ( - ) GHA = 486 27.8 GHA = 301 17.6 ( - ) SHA = 185 10.2'

10. This is a descriptive book for the use of mariners giving detailed information of coastal waters, harbor facilities etc. of an area. A. Sailing directions B. World port index C. Coast pilot D. Notice to mariners

11. When the phase of the moon is at new and full and the visibility of the moon is increasing it is said to be: A. Waxing B. Crescent C. Gibbous D. Wanning

12. This is the arc of an hour circle between the celestial equator and the celestial sphere measured northward and southward from celestial equator through 90. A. Meridian angle B. Celestial latitude C. Declination D. Hour angle

13. This is a hypothetical wind that blows parallel to the isobars with no tendency to curve because of balance horizontal forces. A. Geostrophic wind B. Cysclostrophic wind C. Pressure gradient D. Coriolis wind

14. What is the term when the moon is near to the earth? A. Perigee B. Perihelion C. Apogee D. Aphelion

15. Your vessel is believed to be in the storm area if the wind is steady in direction and velocity is decreasing, you are in the: A. Storm track, behind center B. Storm track, ahead of center C. Dangerous semi-circle D. Navigable semi-circle

16. A device which forms a part of echo sounder that converts electrical energy to sound energy or vice-versa. A. Doppler B. Transducer C. Transceiver D. Magnetron

ECHO SOUNDER TRANSDUCER

17. It is used to indicate the best navigable water in conjunction with the cardinal points of the compass. A. Lateral mark B. Safe water mark C. Cardinal mark D. Special mark

18. The difference between the meantime and apparent time of the sun at any instance: A. Equation of time B. Civil time C. Greenwich meantime D. Any of these

EARTH

or Apparent Sun

LMT

LAT

LMT

19. When using a harbor chart which of the following information is available? A. Wind direction B. Ocean current C. Tidal information D. Streamers route

20. What is the liquid inside the magnetic compass? A. Alcohol 45 % B. Spirit C. Distilled water 55% D. Mercury

21. A conic map projection in which the surface of the sphere or spheroid is conceived as developed on a series of tangent cones. A. Lambert conformal map projection B. Stereographic map projection C. Polyconic map projection D. Gnomonic map projection

22. What do you call the angular distance measured from the prime meridian to the star westward? A. LHA of the star B. GHA of the star C. RA of the star D. SHA of the star

23. If the declination is zero at the meridian. A. The body will be at equinoctial during upper transit B. The body bears south if the observer is on the north C. Both a and b D. Neither a nor b

24. In the right hand page of the nautical almanac, which of the following could not be found? A. GHA and dec. of planets B. Twilight, sunrise and sunset C. GHA and dec. of moon D. GHA and dec. of sun

25. It is a local disturbance with abrupt changes in variation of pressure temperature and wind. A. Thunder storm B. Rain storm C. Typhoon D. Storm

Thunderstorm also called an Electrical Storm, is a form of weather characterized by the presence of lightning and its attendant thunder produced from a cumulonimbus cloud. Thunderstorms are usually accompanied by heavy rainfall and they can also be accompanied by strong winds, hail and tornadoes.

This often occurs in the presence of three conditions: 1. Sufficient moisture accumulated in the lower atmosphere, reflected by high dewpoint temperatures. 2. A significant fall in air temperature with increasing height, known as a steep adiabatic lapse rate. 3. A force such as mechanical convergence along a cold front to focus the lift

26. What instrument is used to measure the water content of the atmosphere? A. Thermometer B. Psychrometer C. Barometer D. Thermograph

27. It is a buoy elongated and cylindrical in shape, usually of wood resembling a file low circular base tall cylindrical shape of smaller diameter on top. A. Can buoy B. Spar buoy C. Nun buoy D. Cylindrical buoy

28. Wind laden with snow mostly or entirely picked up from the ground. A. Blizzard B. Harmattan C. Gust D. Dust whirl

29. A. B. C. D.

A line connecting zero variation. Agonic line Equal magnetic Isogonic line Isotherm line

30. A single light that projects high intensity beam with a very narrow sector. A. Directional light B. Range light C. Beam light D. Sector light

 Range Light= Two or more lights at different

elevation to form a range ( leading lights.). Sector Lights = A light having a sector of different colors or the same color in specific sectors separated by dark colors. Beam Light = A directed flow of nearly parallel rays. Major Lights = A light of high intensity and reliability exhibited by a fixed object or on marine site except range light. Minor Lights = An automatic unmanned light on a fixed structure usually showing low to moderate intensity. Usually established in harbors, along channels, rivers and in isolated locations;

MAJOR LIGHTS

MINOR LIGHTS

LEADING LIGHTS OR RANGE LIGHTS

Sector lights are a man-made pilotage and position fixing aid that indicates a safe channel through shallow or dangerous waters.

Red Light = Vessel must turn to starboard White Light = Vessel is approaching the correct sector Green Light = Vessel must turn to port

To Stbd.

SECTOR LIGHTS

31. The prevailing winds in the band at latitude from approximately 15 to 30 N are called: A. Prevailing westerlies B. Polar easterlies C. NE trades D. SE trades

32. A line on the surface of the earth making the same oblique angle with all meridians. A. Longitude line B. Bearing line C. Rhumbline D. Course line

Rhumb Line (or Loxodrome) is a line crossing all meridians at the same angle, i.e. a path of constant bearing. It is obviously easier to manually steer than the constantly changing heading of the shorter great circle route

33. Find the longitude of a vessel steaming due west from latitude 13 25 N longitude 001 28 E for a distance of 4,131nm. A. 069 19 W B. 124 11 W C. 092 24.1 E D. 110 28 E

33. Solution: Dlo = Dist / Cos Lat = 4,131 / Cos 13 25 = 4246.9 / 60 Dlo = 70 46.9 W Long1 = 001 28.0' E ( - ) Long2 = 069 18.9 W

34. Find the declination of the body if the latitude is 17 33.8 N and the altitude is 42 18.6? A. 33 06.6 B. 30 07.6 C. 31 10.6 D. 32 03.6

34. Solution HO = 42 18.6 S ( - ) 90 00.0 ZX = 47 41.4 N DEC = 30 07.6 S LAT = 17 33.8 N

35. The vertical component of the earths magnetic field causes induced magnetism in vertical soft iron. This changes with latitude when you are adjusting the compass. What is the corrector for this coefficient of deviation? A. Flinders bar B. Heeling magnet C. Soft iron spheres D. Bar magnets in the binnacle

36. This is a great circle passing through eastward through 360 A. Geomagnetic pole B. Geomagnetic meridian C. Geomagnetic longitude D. None of these

37. A vessel is sailing due west for 872 miles from lat. 18 S long. 110 50 E. What is the arrival longitude? A. 95 18 E B. 95 33 E C. 125 12 E D. 125 33 E

37. Solution: Dlo = Dist / Cos Lat = 872 / Cos 18 = 916.8 / 60 Dlo = 15 16.8 W Long1= 110 50 E (-) Long2 = 095 33.2 E

38. This uncorrected altitude of celestial body for the purpose of establishing lines of position. A. Observed altitude B. Apparent altitude C. Computed altitude D. Sextant altitude

Hs = Sextant Altitude I.E. = (+) off the arc (-) on the arc Dip = Height of Eye (Always subtract) Ha = Apparent Altitude T/C = Total Corrections (Parallax, Semi Diameter, Augmentation, Refraction) Lower Limb (-), Upper Limb (+) Ho = Observe Altitude Hc = Computed Altitude Int = Intercept (Towards and Away)

39. This is a publication listing the available services of great many ports. A. Guide to port entry B. World port index C. Sailing direction D. Coast pilot

40. It is line connecting places of equal magnetic dip. A. Isohalines B. Isoclinical C. Isomagnetic D. Isogonal

41. This is a system that utilizes doppler shift of radio signal transmitted from satellite to measure relative velocity between the satellite and the navigator: A. EPIRB B. NAVSAT C. Doppler Nav D. GPS

42. Find the GC distance from lat 3 S long, 134 W to lat. 14 S, long 103 W? A. 2,375 miles B. 1,951 miles C. 2,066 miles D. 2,567 miles

42. Solution : Long1 = 134 00 W Long2 = 103 00 W ( - ) Dlong = 31 00 W Rules for Dlong If long same name ( - ). If long diff name ( + ) If Dlo 180 then Dlo = 360 Dlo then change sign.

Cos GCD = ( Cos L1 x Cos L2 x Cos Dlo ) +/- ( Sin L1 x Sin L2 ) = ( Cos 03 x Cos 14 x Cos 31 ) + ( Sin 03 x Sin 14 ) = 0.83056 + 0.01266 = 0.84322 inv. Cos Dist = 32 31.3 x 60 GCD = 1,951 nm

43. Find the GC distance from lat. 27 N long. 112 E to 16 30 N long. 047 56 E? A. 3,298 miles B. 3,590 miles C. 3,402 miles D. 3,641 miles

43. Solution: Long1 = 112 00 E Long2 = 047 56 E ( - ) Dlong = 64 04 E Rules For Dlong If longitude same name ( - ). If longitude diff Name ( + ). If Dlo 180 then Dlo = 360 -Dlo and change sign.

Cos Dist =(Cos L1 x Cos L2 x Cos Dlo) +/( Sin L1 x SinL2 ) = (Cos 27 x Cos 16 30 x Cos 6404 ) + ( Sin 27 x Sin 64 04) = 0.37361 + 0.12894 = 0.50255 inv. Cos = 59 49.9 x 60 GCD = 3,589.8 nm

44. What publication would you consult to know if you would encounter icebergs in the area? A. Sailing charts B. General charts C. Pilot charts D. Coast charts

45. It is the angular distance west of vernal equinox or the angle at the celestial sphere between the hour circle of the vernal equinox and the point on the celestial sphere. A. LHA B. RA C. Meridian angle D. SHA

46. The angle between the geographic meridian and magnetic meridian. A. Deviation B. Variation C. Compass error ` D. Azimuth angle

47. Find the amplitude of the rising moon if the declination of the moon is 10 53.8 N and observers latitude is 46 17.3 N? A. E 15.9 N B. E 20.6 N C. E 18.7 S D. E 16.6 S

47. Solution: Sin = Sin Dec Cos Lat = Sin 10 53.8 Cos 46 17.3 = 0.27347 inv. Sin Amp. = E 15.9 N AMPLITUDE is prefixed E or W as the body is rising or setting and suffixed N or S to agree with the name of the declination

48. What do you call the sudden brief increase in wind velocity followed by slackening or the violent wind or squal that accompanies a thunder storm? A. Mistral B. Gregale C. Levanter D. Gust

49. Given the GHA of star 225 17.2 and the SHA of star 109 31.8, find the GHA of Aries> A. 115 45.4 B. 334 49.0 C. 115 35.4 D. 334 35.4

49. Solution: GHA = ? SHA = 109 31.8 GHA = 225 17.2 SHA = 109 31.8 ( - ) GHA = 115 45.4'

50. The angular difference between the True North and the Compass North is called: A. Variation B. Deviation C. Dip D. Compass error

51. Gyro compass error caused by tilting of the gimbal mounting system due to horizontal acceleration of vessel such as rolling. A. Deflection error B. Quadrantal error C. Gimballing D. Damping error

52. What is the start of a call of an international signal for storm warning? A. AAA B. TTT C. SSS D. CCC

53. This is a two axis gyroscope where the gyroscope wheel is mounted in the gimbal at right angle. A. Fixed amount gyroscope B. Position gyroscope C. Rate gyroscope D. A gyroscope

54. In a modern ship log, this part of projecting through the bottom of the vessel contains sensing device. A. Pilot track B. Transducer C. Rod meter D. Speed sensor

55. This is the tabulated interpolated for increments of latitude, declination or hour angle. A. Computed altitude B. Apparent altitude C. True altitude D. Observed altitude

56. This is a pair or pairs of navigational aids lighted or unlighted so positioned with respect to each other that a line between them to extend over water marked channel or so between the channel. A. Ranges B. Pillar buoy C. Nun buoy D. Light vessel

57. This is a semi-circular deviation which is proportional to the sine of the compass heading. A. Coefficient C B. Coefficient D C. Coefficient E D. Coefficient B

58. It is the correction of sextant altitude caused by apparent enlargement of the bright celestial body against the dark background of the sky. A. Parallax B. Refraction C. Augmentation D. Irradiation error

59. The angle between Grid and Magnetic Meridian is called: A. Grivation B. Inclination C. Dip D. Variation

60. True altitude of the of the sun at UT is 50 09.8 bearing south. if the declination is 18 17.6 S, find the latitude of the observer? A. 21 32.6 N B. 22 33.6 N C. 21 32.6 S D. 22 33.6 S

60. Solution: 90 00 HO = 50 09.8 S ( - ) ZX = 39 50.2 N DEC = 18 17.6 S ( - ) LAT = 21 32.6 N RULES FOR LAT. BY M.P. If Lat. and Dec. are same name ( + ) If Lat. and Dec. are diff. name ( - ) the take the of the greater value

61. In the IALA Buoyage System, what is the color of an East Cardinal Mark? A. Black band above yellow band B. Black band below yellow band C. Black band above and below yellow band D. Black band with above and below yellow band

62. This is the section of the Nautical Almanac used for interpolation of the difference of GHA and declination: A. Increments B. Index to selected star C. Altitude correction table for the moon D. Example and guidelines using Nautical Almanac

63.This is a violent revolving storm of small diameter which travels over land and produces great devastation. A. Hurricane B. Cyclone C. Tornado D. Typhoon

64. A steel float on which is mounted a short skeleton tower on top of which a light is placed. A. Lighted buoy B. Spar buoy C. Nun buoy D. Sea buoy

65. Which of the following is a major cause of error in Radio Satellite Navigation? A. Ionospheric B. Navigation error C. Systematic error D. Doppler effect

Doppler Effect, named after Christian Andreas Doppler, is the apparent change in frequency and wavelength of a wave that is perceived by an observer moving relative to the source of the waves. For waves, such as sound waves, that propagate in a wave medium, the velocity of the observer and the source are reckoned relative to the medium in which the waves are transmitted.

66. It is the line that cuts all meridians at the same angle. A. Rhumbline B. Bearing line C. Course line D. Track line

67. The magnetic soft iron of sphere shape located near the magnetic compass used to correct deviation is: A. Flinders bar B. Quadrantal spheres C. Fore and aft magnets D. Heeling magnets

68. What do you call the gyroscope error caused by earths rotation that affects the heading system? A. Tilting error B. Gravity error C. Transport error D. Apparent Drift Error

69. The horizontal area covered by the cyclonic condition of the tropical revolving storm is called: A. Storm field B. Track of the storm C. Vortex D. Path of the storm

70. Which of the following is the most accurate position? A. Radar bearing and range of buoy B. Radar range and bearing of land features C. Radar range of floating objects D. Radar ranges of land features

71. A temporary oscillatory error of the gyrocompass introduced when the northsouth component of the speed changes causing a surge of mercury: A. Speed error B. Ballistic deflection error C. Ballistic damping error D. Quadrantal error

72. The error introduced in a gyrocompass by the tilting of the gimbal mounting system of the compass due to horizontal acceleration caused by motion of the vessel such as rolling. A. Gimballing error B. Speed error C. Quadrantal error D. Ballisitic damping error

73. It is a fly wheel in a universal mounting where the axle is free to point in any direction. A. Gyroscope B. Compass bowl C. Gyro wheel D. Universal gimbal

GYROSCOPE

74. Thin whitish high clouds. A. Altostratus B. Cirrostratus C. Cirrocumulus D. Nimbostratus

75. This is the angular distance between the true heading and between heading indicated by lubber line. A. Lubbers line error B. Gimballing error C. Damping error D. Instrument error

76. This is a globe shaped buoy made of steel metal or plastic with red and white vertical stripes. A. Nun buoy B. Sea buoy C. Pillar buoy D. Spar buoy

77.This is the horizontal intensity component along a geographic true meridian or the earth magnetic field. A. South intensity B. North component C. North intensity D. South component

78. A method of inter-converting dep and dlo when ship sails E or W and always remain on same latitude. A. Plane sailing B. Parallel sailing C. Traverse sailing D. Mid- latitude sailing

79. It is the kind of magnetism that remain even after the removal of the magnetizing force around. A. Permanent B. Induced magnetism C. Terrestial magnetism D. Residual magnetism

80. This is a buoyage system generally well-defined port and starboard mark. A. Lateral mark B. All of these C. Cardinal mark D. Centerline mark

81. These are charts intended for coastwise navigation outside outlying reefs and goals; scale is from 1:150,000 to 1:600,000. A. General chart B. Harbor chart C. Sailing chart D. Coastal chart

82. What do you call the part of the gyrocompass where the compass card is placed? A. Phantom B. Vertical ring C. Gimbal D. Compass bowl

83. This is a seasonal wind blowing from a large land mass to the ocean in winter and in the opposite direction in summer. A. Front B. Gradient C. Monsoon D. Climate

84. A relatively permanent wind belt blowing from N.E in the northern hemisphere and S.E in the southern hemisphere. A. Prevailing westerlies B. Horse latitude C. Trade winds D. Doldrums

85. In the nautical almanac, this symbol is used to indicate the condition where the sun or moon does not rise but remain continuously below the horizon. A. A shaded square B. A rectangle C. A shaded rectangle D. A square

86. The LMT of sunrise is 04H 03M at latitude 48 55 S. Find the GMT at sunrise if the longitude 78 18 W. A. 09H 31m B. 09H 16 m C. 09H 20m D. 09H 12m

86. Solution: 78 18 / 15 (Convert Arc to Time ) Long in Time = 05h 13m LMT = 04h 03m ( + ) GMT = 09h 16m LMT to GMT = W ( + ) E ( - ) GMT to LMT = W ( - ) E ( + )

87. What do you call the angle between geographical true meridian and the magnetic meridian? A. Variation B. Compass error C. Deviation D. Dip

88. It is the term used when the ecliptic intersects the celestial equator. A. Perihelion B. Aphelion C. Solstice D. Equinox

89. Which of the following is not a cause of lane slip of Decca navigator? A. Sky wave contamination B. Different Phase measurement C. Electrical storm D. External radio interference

90. This the term used to identify the rapidly rotating mass free to move about one or both axis perpendicular to the axis of rotation and to each other. A. Centrifugal force B. Kinetic inertia C. Gyroscope D. Aerodynamic force

91. What do you call the product of the applied force and the perpendicular distance from the line of the action force to the axis of rotation? A. Dynamic drift B. Precision C. Torque D. Gravity error

92. When using a harbor chart, which of the following information is available? A. Wind condition B. Ocean current C. Tidal information D. Steerers route

93. This is a change in direction of the motion of a ray of radiant energy as it passes obliquely from one medium to another, which is the speed of propagation is different? A. Parallax B. Irradiation C. Refraction D. Deflection

94. The radio bearing which effect the accuracy when the signal crosses a shore line at an oblique angle: A. Land effect B. Night effect C. Day effect D. Coast effect

95. What do you call the relative narrow extension of any anti-cyclone or higher pressure area particularly one connecting two anti-cyclone? A. Isobar B. Trough C. Ridge D. Edge

96. Angle measured between the observer and the visible horizon. A. Sextant altitude B. Observed altitude C. True altitude D. Apparent altitude

97. This is a layer of ionosphere that is present during daylight. A. F2 layer B. F1 layer C. D layer D. E layer

98. Effects in radio bearing manifested by broadening or shifting of minimum signal due to polarization by hour of sunrise to sunset. A. Polarization error B. Quadrantal error C. Reciprocal error D. Coastal error

99. This is one of the characteristics of gyroscope to resist any force which tends to change its axis of rotation. A. Gyroscopic drift B. Gyrotron C. Gyroscopic inertia D. Gyroscopic precession

100. In magnetic compass, which kind of liquid you should use? A. Alcohol B. Distilled water C. Mineral oil D. Fresh water