DAMPING IN AN OSCILLATING SYSTEM

Periodic Motion
Any motion that repeats itself in equal intervals of time Oscillatory / Vibratory

- A particle in a periodic motion moves back and forth over the same path
- Examples of periodic motion are the oscillation of the balance wheel of a watch, violin string, mass attached to a spring & air molecules as a sound wave passes by.

DAMPING IN AN OSCILLATING SYSTEM

A swing is an oscillating system that behave like a simple pendulum. If no external force is applied , the swing will swing with smaller and smaller amplitude and eventually will stop completely. This is due to the loss of energy from oscillating system resulting from factors like air resistance and friction in various parts of the systems.

We call such phenomenon as damping in an oscillating system. Damping occurred in oscillating system when the system loses energy to the surroundings usually in the form of heat energy. The forces responsible for damping are called dissipative forces because they dissipate energy of the system.

DAMPING IN AN OSCILLATING SYSTEM

A graph showing the displacement of an oscillating body that experiences damping.

In a damped oscillation, period and frequency remain constant while amplitude decreases

Vehicle Suspension System

A vehicle spring and shock absorber system provides damping to prevent the vehicle from bouncing up and down continuously

Resonan (Ayunan Paksa) Suatu sistem yang berayunan akan mengalami pelembapan apabila tenaga dan amplitud ayunan menjadi semakin kecil. Sistem ayunan akan mengalami kehilangan tenaga dalam bentuk haba disebabkan oleh pelembapan. Bagi satu sistem ayunan yang dapat terus berayunan tanpa mengalami pelembapan, tenaga luar mesti dibekalkan. Semasa daya luar dibekalkan kepada sistem ayunan, ayunan itu akan dipaksa untuk terus berayunan.Apabila sistem ayunan dipaksa untuk berayun pada frekuensi aslinya, sistem ayunan ini dikatakan berayun pada resonans. Sistem yang berayun pada resonans akan mempunyai amplitud maksimum kerana menerima tenaga yang maksimum daripada sistem luar yang memaksanya berayun.

Kejadian ini berlaku pada tahun 1940 di Washington, Amerika Syarikat.Frekuensi asli tiupan angin sama seperti frekuensi ayunan jambatan gantung Tacoma Narrows. Kejadian ini berlaku kerana resonans.

Natural frequency is the frequency at which a system naturally vibrates once it has been set into motion. In other words, natural frequency is the number of times a system will oscillate (move back and forth) between its original position and its displaced position, if there is no outside interference. For example, consider a simple beam fixed at one end and having a mass attached to its free end, as shown in Figure 1. If the beam tip is pulled downward, then released, the beam will oscillate at its natural frequency.

Resonance is the buildup of large vibration amplitude that occurs when a structure or an object is excited at its natural frequency. Resonance can be either desirable or undesirable. Acoustic resonance, a desirable resonance, occurs in many different musical instruments. It also occurs in auditoriums.

Resonance in Wind Instruments

When a musician blows the mouthpiece of a wind instrument such as a flute to start some vibrations, those which match the natural frequencies of the instrument are picked out and magnified

Tap the fork and listen. Hold it over the opening of the can as shown in Figure below and listen. Notice that the sound gets louder when it is held over the opening.

The can is a hollow container with an opening and is called a resonator. Its shape acts like a resonating chamber, like a drum or the bell of a tuba. The vibrating tuning fork held near the opening causes the can and the air in the can to vibrate. This is called resonance. The sound becomes intensified and amplified.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to visualize detailed internal structures. MRI makes use of the property of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to image nuclei of atoms inside the body.

Undesirable mechanical resonance can cause bridges to collapse, aircraft wings to break, and machinery to break or malfunction.

For example, the Tacoma Narrows Bridge experienced large vibration amplitudes and catastrophic structural failure due to wind gusts.