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Cursul 6
Titularul de disciplin:Prof. Dr. Ing. Dan Dasclu Cerc.st. gr. I, dr. Ing. Mircea Dragoman Dr. Emil Mihai Pavelescu (IMT). mircea.dragoman@imt.ro
500 C atomslength 15 nm
One C atom missiing- a defect
0.1
The Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique dedicated to thin film realization is a well spread selfassembly technique in which the organized aggregate is built by growing one monolayer at a time. A monolayer of a desired material, which is initially adsorbed at a gas-liquid interface, is transported to a substrate on which the self-assembly structure will be grown. For example, a monolayer of some molecular species, such as a fatty acid, is spread over the surface of the water. In the water there is a glass microscope slide, which plays the role of the self-assembly substrate. If we pull out the glass slide the monolayer will be attached to it. If we then pass the glass slide several times through the water surface we will deposit on it a monolayer at each passing .The LB technique is implemented with specialized instruments comprising a Langmuir trough, a dipping device for the substrate that will be raised or lowered, and a movable barrier controlled by a pressure sensor, which slides on the gas-liquid interface to maintain a certain surface pressure
Water
LB technique
Although 2D gold, nanoparticle arrays, semiconducting quantum dots and polymeric films were realized using the LB technique, the method is quite difficult and requir esexpensive instrumentation
DRY
Cationic solution
Water
Anionic solution
Water
SAM
MPC
metal nano-
particles, are very different from those of bulk metals and are strongly dependent
on their size. For example, the conduction band of bulk metals is replaced by discrete energy states in a metal nanoparticle. Thus, the metal particle behaves like a quantum dot, in which electrons are confined in all directions, in contrast with the free electrons of bulk metals. Metal particles covered with organic molecules such as thiols are able to self-organize in 1D, 2D and 3D arrays. The discreteness of electronic states in a metal nanoparticle is characterized by the Kubo gap (i.e., the average spacing between successive quantum levels)
4EF / 3n
where EF is the Fermi energy, and n is the number of electrons in the nanoparticle. The nanoparticle is metallic if :
kBT
For example, a silver particle with a diameter of 3 nm, for which = 10 meV, is metallic at room temperature since kBT =25 meV for T = 300 K.
Gold substrate
Gold substrate
There are not only metal nanoparticles, but also semiconductor nanoparticles such as silicon nanoparticles, III-V nanoclusters, elemental II-VI semiconductor quantum dots in solution or gaseous phases.
Template synthesis
Aluminium
Cracks
SiO2
Metal
Nanowire array
Top view
Self assembly
Si Si
Si
Vapors (V)
Gold surface
CNT interconnect
Si nanowire
GaN
CNT
ZnO